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Med Surg 2 > anesthesia > Flashcards

anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

anesthesia

A

An anesthetic is a chemical agent patients receive prior to surgery.

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2
Q

what does anestheisa do

A
  • Induces loss of consciousness
  • amnesia
  • analgesia

A state of depressed central nervous system (CNS) activity, with depression of consciousness, loss of responsiveness to simulation, and muscle relaxation.

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3
Q

moderate sedation

A

type of anesthesia.
- Patients do not lose consciousness, but still experience amnesia and analgesia

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4
Q

general anesthesia do

A

causes loss of sensation, consciousness, and relaxes when a patient is undergoing major surgery, or one that requires complete muscle relaxation.

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5
Q

local anesthesia causes

A

causes loss of sensation without loss of consciousness.
- Blocks transmission along nerves, thus achieving loss of autonomic function and muscle paralysis in a SPECIFIC area of the body

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6
Q

inhaled anesthetics(types)

A

volatile gases or liquids in combination with oxygen.
- Halothane
- Isoflurane
- Nitrous oxide with O2

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6
Q

inhaled anesthetics

A

volatile gases or liquids in combination with oxygen.
- Halothane
- Isoflurane
- Nitrous oxide with O2

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7
Q

types of injectable anesthetic(meds)

A
  • benzodiazepines
  • etomidate
  • propofol: causes hypotension, I&O out bloodstream, given iv, need an airway
  • ketamine: horse tranqulizer, helps with resp diseases
  • barbituates: antiseizure, can go unconscious
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8
Q

most susceptible population to anesthesia

A

older adults

  • Careful titration of medications help control the incidence of unwanted effects.
  • Airway patency is the main priority in all situations, but cardiac problems can arise more quickly in older adults.
  • The patient’s condition could deteriorate quickly.
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9
Q

nursing assesment before giving general anesthesia

A
  • Family history of malignant hyperthermia
  • Respiratory disease (hypoventilation)
  • Cardiac disease
    +Dysrhythmias: baseline ekg needed
    +Altered cardiac output
  • Gastric contents (aspiration)
  • Alcohol or substance use disorders: worried about tolerance, need more benzo
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10
Q

types of opioids anesthesia

A

Fentanyl
Sufentanil
Alfentanil

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11
Q

opioidd used for

A
  • Used for sedation
  • Analgesics to relieve preoperative and postoperative pain
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12
Q

adverse effects of opoiod anesthesia

A
  • depress the CNS, respiratory depression or distress
  • Delays awakening following surgery
  • Can result in postop constipation and urinary retention
  • Can trigger nausea and vomiting
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13
Q

benzo anesthesia(med)

A

Diazepam
Midazolam

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14
Q

benzos used for

A
  • Used to reduce anxiety preoperative
  • Promotes amnesia
  • Produces mild sedation with little to moderate respiratory depression with careful titration
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15
Q

benzo adverse effects

A

Can result in cardiac and respiratory arrest with rapid administration or without waiting for the full effect to develop.

16
Q

antiemetics(meds)

A

Promethazine
Ondansteron
Metoclopramide

17
Q

antiemetics used for

A
  • Used to decrease postanesthetic nausea and vomiting
  • Enances gastric emptying (metoclopramide)
    Induces sedation (Promethazine)
  • Decreases the risk for aspiration
18
Q

adverse effects of antiemtics

A

Dry mouth, dizziness, tardive dyskinesia, respiratory depression and apnea (promethazine)

19
Q

anticholinergics meds

A

Atropine
Glycopyrolate

20
Q

what do anticholinergics do

A
  • Decreases the risk of bradycardia during surgery, and at times, vagal slowing of the heart due to the parasympathetic response to surgical manipulation.
  • Blocks the muscarinic response to acetylcholine by decreasing salivation, bowel movement, and GI secretions
    Slows motility of the GI tract
  • Decreases saliva, perspiration, gastric, and pancreatic secretions
  • Decreases reisk for aspiration
21
Q

adverse effects of anticholinergics

A

Urinary retention, tachycardia, dry mouth. Contraindicated with glaucoma!

22
Q

types of sedatives(meds)

A

Pentobarbital
Secobarbital

23
Q

what are sedatives used for

A

Used for pre-anesthesia sedation or amnesia
Induction of general anesthesia

24
Q

adverse effects of sedatives

A

respiratory depression

25
Q

MAOI and sedatives

A

Avoid giving within 14 days of starting or stopping an MAOI!

26
Q

Neuromuscular blocking agents(meds)

A

Succinylcholine
Vecuronium

27
Q

Neuromuscular blocking agents used for

A
  • Used for skeletal muscle relaxation for surgery
  • Airway placement
  • In conjunction with IV anesthetic agents
  • Propofol
  • Opioids
  • Benzodiazepines
28
Q

Neuromuscular blocking agents adverse effects

A

Total flaccid paralysis

29
Q

what does Neuromuscular blocking agents require

A

Requires mechanical ventilation because it blocks contraction of all muscles, including the diaphragm and respiratory system.

Med Surg 2 (35 decks)

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