acid base balance

Question 1

acute respiratory failure (ARF)

Answer 1

Includes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Severe respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)

Question 2

arf caused by

Answer 2

caused by failure to adequately ventilate and/or oxygenate:
- Lack of perfusion to the pulmonary capillary bed (PE)
- Any condition that alters gas exchange:

Pulmonary edema
Pneumonia
Asthma
Emphsemia

Question 3

Criteria to categorize ARF is based on

Answer 3

abg values

Question 4

risk factors for arf

Answer 4

cause ventilator failure and oxygenation failure

Question 5

expected findings for arf

Answer 5

Cyanosis
Rapid, shallow breathing
Hypoxemia
Confusion
Irritability or agitation
Restlessness
Hypercarbia (high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood)

Question 6

PH

Answer 6

7.35-7.45

Question 7

pco2

Answer 7

35-45

Question 8

hco3

Answer 8

21-28

Question 9

metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

decrease ph
co2 normal
hco3 decrease

Question 10

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 10

increase ph
normal pco2
hco3 increase

Question 11

respiratory acidosis

Answer 11

ph decrease
increase c02
normal hc03

Question 12

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 12

increase ph
pco2 decreased
hco3 normal

Question 13

risk factors for respiratory acidosis

Answer 13

Respiratory depression/hypoxia
Pneumothorax
Airway obstruction
Inadequate ventilation
Over sedation/anesthesia
Head Trauma
Neuromuscular disease

Question 14

respiraotry alkalosis risk factors

Answer 14

Hyperventilation
Pain
Anxiety
Severe anemia
Central nervous system lesions

*not enough co2

Question 15

risk factors for metabolic acidosis

Answer 15

Diarrhea
Fever
Hypoxia
Starvation
Seizure
Renal failure
DKA
Dehydration

more sick

Question 16

metabolic alkalosis risk factors

Answer 16

Ingestion of antacids
GI suction
Hypokalemia
TPN
Blood transfusion
Prolonged vomiting