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GCSE AQA Chemistry > C5.3/.4/.5/.6 - Extracting metals > Flashcards

C5.3/.4/.5/.6 - Extracting metals Flashcards

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1
Q

extracting metal depends on

A

-easiness of extraction from ore
-amount of metal ore contains
-changing demands for metal

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2
Q

metal + water observations of recation

A

-flame
-fizz
-hydrogen gas
-hydroxide made

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3
Q

how to check for hydrogen

A

lighted splint will make a pop sound if h2 is present

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4
Q

Reactivity series above carbon

A

-K
-Na
-calcium
-mg
-aluminium

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5
Q

Reactivity series above hydrogen

A

-zn
-fe
-tin
-pb

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6
Q

Reactivity series below hydrogen

A

-cu
-silver
-gold
-platinum

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7
Q

Reduction of oxide by carbon

A
  • c will displace less reactive metal
  • forming metal and co2
    -chemical reduction occurs
    -carbon = reducing agent
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8
Q

reducing agent

A

removes oxygen by being oxidised

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9
Q

Reduction of oxide by hydrogen

A

-more costly than C
-less common to use
-forms water and metal

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10
Q

when is hydrogen used as a reducing agent

A

-when carbon is likely to react with a metal to form a compound
-instead of the O2

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11
Q

electrolysis

A

used to extract metals more reactive than carbon

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12
Q

salt

A

compound formed when H2 in an acid is wholly/partially replaced by metal ions

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13
Q

Formula for metal + acid

A

metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

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14
Q

all acids are

A

aqueous

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15
Q

how can a sample of salt be obtained after a reaction

A

crystallisation

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16
Q

metal + acid = redox reaction

A

-metal = loses electrons
-hydrogen = gains electrons

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17
Q

bases

A

compounds that neutralise acids

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18
Q

alkalis

A

soluble bases

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19
Q

eg of bases

A

metal oxides

20
Q

Formula for neutralisation

A

acid + base —> salt + water

21
Q

What ions do acids produce

A

-hydrogen ions
-H+

22
Q

What ions do alkalis produce

A

-hydroxide ions
-OH-

23
Q

H+ and OH- react to produce

A

water

24
Q

Formula for acid + ammonia solution

A

acid + ammonia solution —> ammonium salt + water

25
Q

Formula for acid + carbonate

A

acid + carbonate —> salt + water + co2

26
Q

Formula for acid + hydroxide

A

acid + metal hydroxide —> salt + water

27
Q

Formula for acid + metal oxide

A

acid + metal oxide —> salt + water

28
Q

Formula for metal + oxygen

A

metal + oxygen —> metal oxide

29
Q

pH

A

power of hydrogen
-refers to concentration of H+ ions

30
Q

pH scale

A

-0 = acid
-7 = neutral
-14 = alkali

31
Q

Litmus paper

A

-red in acid
-blue in alkali

32
Q

higher concentration of H+ ions =

A

lower pH level

33
Q

As concentration of H+ ions decrease by a factor of 10…

A

the pH value increases by 1 unit

34
Q

Formula for dilution factor

A

final volume/initial volume

35
Q

strong acid

A

dissociate fully in water to produce max number of H+ ion

36
Q

weak acid

A

do not dissociate fully to form H+ ions

37
Q

concentration of acids

A

moles of acids in a dm3 of solution

38
Q

dilute solution

A

-fewer mols of acid
-more water particles

39
Q

concentrated solution

A

-more mols of acid
-fewer water particles

40
Q

concentrated weak acid

A

-many acid moles
-little dissociation of acid

41
Q

concentrated strong acid

A

-many moles present
-lots of dissociation

42
Q

dilute weak acid

A

-little acid
-little dissociation

43
Q

dilute strong acid

A

-little acid present
- lots of dissociation

44
Q

eg of strong acids

A

-HCl
-HNO3
-H2SO4

45
Q

eg of weak acids

A

-ethanoic (vinegar)
-citric
-carbonic (rainwater/fizzy drinks)

GCSE AQA Chemistry (36 decks)

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