C5.3/.4/.5/.6 - Extracting metals

Question 1

extracting metal depends on

Answer 1

-easiness of extraction from ore
-amount of metal ore contains
-changing demands for metal

Question 2

metal + water observations of recation

Answer 2

-flame
-fizz
-hydrogen gas
-hydroxide made

Question 3

how to check for hydrogen

Answer 3

lighted splint will make a pop sound if h2 is present

Question 4

Reactivity series above carbon

Answer 4

-K
-Na
-calcium
-mg
-aluminium

Question 5

Reactivity series above hydrogen

Answer 5

-zn
-fe
-tin
-pb

Question 6

Reactivity series below hydrogen

Answer 6

-cu
-silver
-gold
-platinum

Question 7

Reduction of oxide by carbon

Answer 7

• c will displace less reactive metal
• forming metal and co2
  -chemical reduction occurs
  -carbon = reducing agent

Question 8

reducing agent

Answer 8

removes oxygen by being oxidised

Question 9

Reduction of oxide by hydrogen

Answer 9

-more costly than C
-less common to use
-forms water and metal

Question 10

when is hydrogen used as a reducing agent

Answer 10

-when carbon is likely to react with a metal to form a compound
-instead of the O2

Question 11

electrolysis

Answer 11

used to extract metals more reactive than carbon

Question 12

salt

Answer 12

compound formed when H2 in an acid is wholly/partially replaced by metal ions

Question 13

Formula for metal + acid

Answer 13

metal + acid —> salt + hydrogen

Question 14

all acids are

Answer 14

aqueous

Question 15

how can a sample of salt be obtained after a reaction

Answer 15

crystallisation

Question 16

metal + acid = redox reaction

Answer 16

-metal = loses electrons
-hydrogen = gains electrons

Question 17

bases

Answer 17

compounds that neutralise acids

Question 18

alkalis

Answer 18

soluble bases

Question 19

eg of bases

Answer 19

metal oxides

Question 20

Formula for neutralisation

Answer 20

acid + base —> salt + water

Question 21

What ions do acids produce

Answer 21

-hydrogen ions
-H+

Question 22

What ions do alkalis produce

Answer 22

-hydroxide ions
-OH-

Question 23

H+ and OH- react to produce

Answer 23

water

Question 24

Formula for acid + ammonia solution

Answer 24

acid + ammonia solution —> ammonium salt + water

Question 25

Formula for acid + carbonate

Answer 25

acid + carbonate —> salt + water + co2

Question 26

Formula for acid + hydroxide

Answer 26

acid + metal hydroxide —> salt + water

Question 27

Formula for acid + metal oxide

Answer 27

acid + metal oxide —> salt + water

Question 28

Formula for metal + oxygen

Answer 28

metal + oxygen —> metal oxide

Question 29

pH

Answer 29

power of hydrogen
-refers to concentration of H+ ions

Question 30

pH scale

Answer 30

-0 = acid
-7 = neutral
-14 = alkali

Question 31

Litmus paper

Answer 31

-red in acid
-blue in alkali

Question 32

higher concentration of H+ ions =

Answer 32

lower pH level

Question 33

As concentration of H+ ions decrease by a factor of 10…

Answer 33

the pH value increases by 1 unit

Question 34

Formula for dilution factor

Answer 34

final volume/initial volume

Question 35

strong acid

Answer 35

dissociate fully in water to produce max number of H+ ion

Question 36

weak acid

Answer 36

do not dissociate fully to form H+ ions

Question 37

concentration of acids

Answer 37

moles of acids in a dm3 of solution

Question 38

dilute solution

Answer 38

-fewer mols of acid
-more water particles

Question 39

concentrated solution

Answer 39

-more mols of acid
-fewer water particles

Question 40

concentrated weak acid

Answer 40

-many acid moles
-little dissociation of acid

Question 41

concentrated strong acid

Answer 41

-many moles present
-lots of dissociation

Question 42

dilute weak acid

Answer 42

-little acid
-little dissociation

Question 43

dilute strong acid

Answer 43

-little acid present
- lots of dissociation

Question 44

eg of strong acids

Answer 44

-HCl
-HNO3
-H2SO4

Question 45

eg of weak acids

Answer 45

-ethanoic (vinegar)
-citric
-carbonic (rainwater/fizzy drinks)