C1.7 - Ions, Atoms, Isotopes

Question 1

Ion

Answer 1

• a particle which has either lost/gained electrons to gain an overall charge
• protons are fixed in the nucleus so their number stays the same
• if an atom gains an electron = negative charge
• if an atom loses an electron = positive charge

Question 2

Reactivity of atoms

Answer 2

• depends on number of electrons in the outer most shell
• outer shell electrons are the most easily lost
• Noble Gases do not react as they have a complete outer shell

Question 3

General rules of formation of ions

Answer 3

-Group 1 /2/3 Elements always make a positive ion as the electron in the outer most shell is always lost as it is the minority
-all metals form positive ions
-all non-metals form negative ions
-

Question 4

Groups in the periodic table

Answer 4

Number of electrons in the outer most shell of the atom

-excludes transition metals

Question 5

Isotopes

Answer 5

• atoms of the same element always have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
• they are virtually identical in their reactions as the number of electrons remain unchanged

Question 6

Isotopes physical properties change

Answer 6

• melting points change
• density changes
• atomic mass

Question 7

Formula to calculate relative atomic mass of isotopes

Answer 7

(% of isotope 1 x mass of isotope 1) + (% of isotope 2 x mass of isotope 2)