C10 - Alkenes Flashcards
organic molecules
all contain carbon atoms
alkene
carbon, carbon double bond
-more reactive that alkane
functional group
gives a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions
homologous series
family of organic compounds with the same functional group
formula for alkene
CnH2n
Alkene combustion features
-burns incomplete combustion (smokier yellow flame)
-releases less energy per mole
Which hydrocarbon is used as fuel and why
-alkanes
-burns with a cleaner flame
complete combustion
ethene + o2 —> co2 and water
Addition reaction of alkene
Carbon carbon double bond opens up and adds another pair of atoms
why are alkenes unsaturated
do not contain max number of hydrogens
by addition of hydrogen to an alkene what is made
alkane
why is addition of hydrogen used
-to straighten unsaturated oil molecules
- increase melting point
formation of alcohol
alkene + steam
alcohol functional group
-OH
Carboxylic acid - functional group
contains -COOH functional group
Esters functional group
-COO-
ethanol use
-alcoholic drinks
-biofuel
perfume
-mouthwash
how is ethanol made
fermenting sugars with yeast
or
hydration of ethene
ethanol flame
clean blue flame
alcohol and sodium reaction
-fizz (H2 gas)
-not as vigorous as sodium and water
sodium alkoxide in water gives you
strong alkaline solution
formation of carboxylic acid
oxidation of alcohol
ethanol + oxygen atoms from oxidising agent
How can alcohol being exposed form a carboxylic acid
microbes produce it as they react
carboxylic acid and metal carbonate
salt + water + co2
-co2 is given off slowly
what type of acids are carboxylic acids
weak acids
carboxylic acids in water
-dissolves
-ionises but not very well
making esters
carboxylic acid and alcohol
esters features
-volatile (evaporate easily)
-make sweet smells
ester use
(used in perfume or food flavourings)
Formula for carboxylic acid
CnH2n+1. COOH
(where n is the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, minus 1).
