C14 - Earth's Resources

Question 1

finite

Answer 1

used up at a faster rate than they are replaced
-will run out

Question 2

renewable

Answer 2

replaced at same rate they are used at
biofuels

Question 3

examples of finite resources in industry

Answer 3

metal ores
crude oil
limestone

Question 4

metal ores

Answer 4

extraction of metals

Question 5

crude oil

Answer 5

-polymers
-petrol

Question 6

limestone

Answer 6

-cement
-concrete

Question 7

Earth’s natural resources will make

Answer 7

make new products
-provide energy
-warmth, shelter, food

Question 8

renewable resources use

Answer 8

renewable crop for ethene
- makes plastics more sustainable
-wood chips = biofuel

Question 9

time before fossil fuels run out

Answer 9

only estimates
- uncertain of calculations

Question 10

uses of water

Answer 10

agriculture
- solvent
-coolant
- washing

Question 11

potable water

Answer 11

fit to drink

Question 12

impurities of water

Answer 12

-dissolved minerals
- microbes

Question 13

potable water will have

Answer 13

low amount of impurities

Question 14

potable water is not

Answer 14

pure
-dissolved substances still

Question 15

uk rainfall

Answer 15

-falls to ground
-replenishes fresh water stores
- seeps down through soil/rocks to underground sources
-obtained by drilling down to water well

Question 16

aquifer

Answer 16

body of rock and/or sediment that holds groundwater.

Question 17

water treatment - screen

Answer 17

passes through a screen of metal bars
- to catch twigs

Question 18

water treatment - settlement tank

Answer 18

soil and sand will settle out

Question 19

water treatment - sludge is formed

Answer 19

-aluminium sulfate + lime added
- small particles clump together
-sludge is formed and dumped

Question 20

water treatment - fine sand beds

Answer 20

-filtered through fine sand beds
- removes remaining solid particles (grit)

Question 21

water treatment - chlorine

Answer 21

• kills bacteria
• or ozone /uv light is used

Question 22

purifying sea water

Answer 22

• distillation (expensive)
• reverse osmosis

Question 22

water treatment - pH check

Answer 22

• checked for neutral
  -and stored ready for use

Question 23

desalination of salty water

Answer 23

distillation

Question 24

reverse osmosis

Answer 24

membranes separate water and dissolved salts
- uses less energy than distillation
-still uses energy for high pressures needed

Question 25

sewage treatment - screening

Answer 25

• remove large objects + grit
  -metal grid does this

Question 26

sewage treatment - primary treatment

Answer 26

-solid sediment settle
- large paddles rotate to push sludge out for further treatment

Question 27

sewage treatment - watery liquid

Answer 27

effluent flows to next tank

Question 28

sewage treatment - secondary treatment

Answer 28

-useful bacteria feeds on any harmful microbes
-breaks down aerobically in effluent

Question 29

sewage treatment - final treatment

Answer 29

• useful bacteria leaves to sludge
  -safe now
• water may be sterilised bu uv or chlorine

Question 30

treating sewage sludge

Answer 30

• digested anaerobically by micro organisms
• dried after
• used for fertiliser/biofuel

Question 31

Extracting copper methods - sulfuric acid

Answer 31

-produces copper sulfate solution
- extracted

Question 32

sewage treatment - smelting

Answer 32

ore is heated to produce impure copper
- electrolysis to purify

Question 33

sewage treatment - displacement using scrap iron

Answer 33

iron displaces copper from its compound

Question 34

extracting copper for low grade ores

Answer 34

-bioleaching
- phytomining
- avoids mining, digging

Question 35

bioleaching

Answer 35

uses bacteria to feed on ore
- leachate (copper ion) must be purified

Question 36

phytomining

Answer 36

plants that absorb copper ions are grown on soil containing ore
- burned after harvested to produce ash with metal

Question 37

Life cycle assessment - assesses

Answer 37

impact on environment

Question 38

LCA - factors

Answer 38

• obtaining/processing of raw materials
• manufacturing + packaging
• use during its lifetime
• disposal

Question 39

LCA - not purely objective

Answer 39

• assigning numerical value to effects uses subjective judgements

Question 40

we should reduce

Answer 40

use of limited resources
use of energy sources
waste + environmental impacts

Question 41

products from limited raw materials

Answer 41

• metals
• glass
  -clay ceramics
• plastics

Question 42

environmental impacts are caused by

Answer 42

quarrying
mining

Question 43

Reuse

Answer 43

glass bottle
-crushed and melted

Question 44

recycling metals

Answer 44

• melting
• recasting
• reforming into a new product

Question 45

recycling - separation

Answer 45

-depends on material
-properties of final new product

Question 46

recycling pros

Answer 46

saves energy and finite metal ores
- pollution is reduced from mining

Question 47

eg of metal recycling

Answer 47

scrap steel added to iron from a blast furnace
- reduces amount of iron that needs to be extracted from ore