Building Collapse (Ch 2) Flashcards
1
Q
3 basic methods of wood-framed residential blds
A
- Balloon Construction (ext walls have studs that run continuously from foundation sill to top plate)
- Braced-frame Construction (post-and-girt), mortise-and-tenon joints, walls often fail in inward/outward collapse
- Platform Construction
2
Q
Beams: 3 methods of support
A
- Cantilever Beam Support: ornamental stone cornice, marquee, canopy, fire escape, sign 90o to wall
- Continuous Beam Support: supported at both ends and at the center (most stability during a fire)
- Single Supported Beam: supported at both ends.
3
Q
Buttress
A
- Wall reinforcement or brace built on outside of building (wall column). Inside of wall called pilaster.
4
Q
Hierarchy of Building elements
A
- Less-to-more in collapse seriousness
- Decks
- Beams/Floor and Roof
- Girders
- Columns
- Bearing Walls
5
Q
Loads: types
A
- Axial Load (passes through the center)
- Concentrated Load
- Dead Load (static, permanent, part of structure and permanent equipment)
- Eccentric Load
- Impact Load
- Lateral Load (wind, tips of ladders, explosion shock waves, hose streams)
- Live Load
- Static Load
- Torsional Load
- Wind Load
6
Q
Primary Structural Member
A
Structure that supports another structural member in the same building (bearing wall, column, girder).
7
Q
Ridgepole
A
Horizontal timber that frames highest point of a peak roof (rafters fastened to it).
8
Q
Stress: definition and types
A
A force exerted upon a structural member that strains or deforms its shape.
- Compression
- Sheer
- Tension
9
Q
Walls: types
A
- Area
- Bearing
- Fire
- Free-Standing (exposed to the elements on both sides)
- Parapet
- Party (bearing wall that supports floors and roofs of two buildings)
- Spandrel (portion of interior wall between the top of one window opening and the bottom of another)
- Veneer
10
Q
Wall hierarchy
A
Less-to-more stable
- Free-standing
- Non-bearing
- Bearing
