Biology - Chapter 1.2 Cells

Question 1

What are the three principles of cell theory

Answer 1

1. Cells are the basic unit of life
2. All living things are made of cells
3. All cells come from other cells

Question 2

What type of cells are known as eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Plants and animal cells

Question 3

What is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 3

It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cells. For example oxygen and food. An example of a waste product is carbon dioxide

Question 3

What are the main differences between plant cells and animal cells

Answer 3

1. Animal cells have small temporary vacuoles whilst plants have large permanent vacuoles.
2. Plant cells have chloroplast in it, which are used for photosynthesis, but animal cells do not. (meaning, they do not make their own food.)
3. In animal cells, the cell wall is absent. But in plant cells, it is present.

Question 4

Explain the difference between tissue and organ

Answer 4

A tissue is a group of similar, specialised cells joined together that have the same function. (e.g nerve tissues make up our brain) However, an organ is a group of diff. kinds of tissues /made up of several tissues.

Question 5

Which part of the cell is responsible for controlling the (activities of the) other parts?

Answer 5

Nucleus

Question 6

Why does the plant cell have a fixed shape but the animal cell does not?

Answer 6

The shape of their large permanent vacuoles in plants gives them a rigid shape

Question 7

Which is found in both the animal and plant cell

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

Which is a prokaryote

Answer 8

bacteria and new ;life

Question 9

Which are some examples of specialised cells

Answer 9

Red blood cells, bone cells, nerve cells and muscle cells

Question 10

The leaves of a plant are its ____

Answer 10

organs

Question 11

What are two examples of a unicellular organism

Answer 11

amoeba and paramecium

Question 12

What three things make up the protoplasm of a cell

Answer 12

cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 13

What is the control centre of the cell

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

What is the job of the nucleus

Answer 14

controls the whole formation and growth of a cell. Chromosomes have all the information of cells (because they have DNA)

Question 15

What is mitochondria

Answer 15

found in both plant and animal cells. known as the powerhouse of the cell. Respiration takes place in this organelle. This organelle produces energy

Question 16

What is an organelle

Answer 16

structure within a cell, specialised to carry out a specific function. Each organelle has a specific job that helps the cells to survive, grow and reproduce

Question 17

describe the composition of the cytoplasm

Answer 17

It is 90% water including proteins, oils, glucose, sugar, vitamins and minerals.

Question 18

levels of organisation in multicellular organisms

Answer 18

organelles –> cells –> tissues –> organ –> organ –> organ system –> organisms

Question 19

What does the cell membrane do

Answer 19

This controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell. It allows waste substances to leave the cell and lets other chemicals such as oxygen and food to enter the cell.

Question 20

What are eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

They are cells that have a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles. Both plants and animal cells share common features - a cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

Question 21

diagram for both animal and plant cells (lesson 5 in lab copy)

Question 22

What are some examples of plant specialised cells

Answer 22

Root cells and palisade cells in a leaf

Question 23

What do red blood cells do (extra question?)

Answer 23

carry oxygen around all the cells of our body

Question 24

what do nerve cells do (extra question?)

Answer 24

transport/send messages to our body and make up our brain

Question 25

what do muscle cells do

Answer 25

build our muscles