Biochemistry Flashcards
define osteoporosis
reduced bone mineral density (normal bone, just not enough)
risk in OP
fractures
when does loss of mineral density in bones begin?
after 30
after menopause due to loss of protective effects of oestrogen
two types of primary OP
- post-menopausal
2. old age
RF in post-menopausal OP
white familial smoking alcohol lack of exercise poor diet
common fractures in post-menopausal OP
Colles fracture
vertebral insufficiency fractures
what is a Colles fracture?
dinner fork/swan neck deformity in the wrist with risk of EPL rupture
RF for old age OP
chronic disease
inactivity
reduced sunlight
common fractures in old age OP
vertebral
femoral neck fractures
causes of secondary OP
steroids
alcohol abuse
malnutrition
chronic diseases
diagnosis of OP
DEXA scan
management of OP
exercise, diet, sunlight calcium and vitamin D supplements desunomab strontium zoledronic acid
what is desunomab?
monoclonal Ab reducing osteoclasts
define osteomalacia (Rickets in children)
vitamin D deficiency which reduces absorption of Ca2+ and osteoblasts
what does elevated PTH cause?
calcium absorption and release from bone with increased osteoclasts
loss of phosphate
