4th Year Upper Limb

Question 1

what is olecranon bursitis?

Answer 1

student’s elbow

Question 2

when is aspiration of fluid from a bursa recommended?

Answer 2

when infection is suspected

Question 3

appearance of bursa fluid and indication

Answer 3

pus= infection
straw-coloured= normal
bloody= trauma, infection, inflammation
milky= gout

Question 4

what is the medial epicondyle the point of?

Answer 4

wrist flexors

Question 5

what is the lateral epicondyle the point of?

Answer 5

wrist extenders

Question 6

three phases of adhesive capsulitis?

Answer 6

pain
stiff
thawing

Question 7

what is Smith’s fracture?

Answer 7

volarly displaced or angulated extra-articular fracture of distal radius

Question 8

what causes Smith’s fracture?

Answer 8

falling onto the back of a flexed wrist

Question 9

what is Colles fracture?

Answer 9

extra-articular fracture of distal radius metaphyseal region with dorsal angulation and impaction

Question 10

what is Barton’s fracture?

Answer 10

intra-articular fracture of distal radius where carpal bones sublux/radiocarpal joint

Question 11

management of Barton’s fracture

Answer 11

ORIF

Question 12

management options for wrist fractures?

Answer 12

conservative=cast/ splint

operative= ORIF/ MUA or K-wires/ external fixation

Question 13

what is a nightstick fracture?

Answer 13

fracture of the ulnar

Question 14

what causes an olecranon injury?

Answer 14

falling onto the elbow

Question 15

what inserts onto the olecranon?

Answer 15

triceps so check extension in injury

Question 16

humeral shaft fractures management

Answer 16

conservative= humeral brace/ U-slab cast
operative= IM nail or ORIF plate

Question 17

management of proximal humerus fractures

Answer 17

conservative= collar and cuff
operative= ORIF or replace