Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK 2020 > Adult Knee Problems > Flashcards

Adult Knee Problems Flashcards

1
Q

what does the knee consist of?

A

medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations and the patellofemoral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the bone surfaces covered with in the knee joint?

A

articular (hyaline) cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the tibiofemoral joint contain?

A

fibrocartilage menisci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the extensor mechanism consist of?

A 
tibial tuberosity
patellar tendon
patellar
quadriceps tendon
quadriceps muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what action causes rupture of the extensor mechanism?

A

fall on a flexed knee with quadriceps contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is damaged in an extensor mechanism rupture?

A

quadriceps ligament

patellar tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what age is the quadriceps ligament more likely to be damaged?

A

> 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what age is the patellar tendon more likely to be damaged?

A

<40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

predisposing factors for tendon rupture

A 
tendonitis
quinolone antibiotics
chronic steroids
DM
RA
chronic renal failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

presentation of extensor mechanism rupture

A

unable to straighten leg (SLR)

palpable gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

diagnosis of extensor mechanism rupture

A

XR high patellar is patellar tendon

XR low patellar is quadriceps tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

management of extensor mechanism rupture

A

surgical repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is patellofemoral dysfunction?

A

excessive grinding of the patella on the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

presentation of patellofemoral dysfunction

A

anterior knee pain worse going downhill
grinding or clicking sensation at front of knee
prolonged sitting leads to pseudo-locking where knee stiffens in flexed position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

management of patellofemoral dysfunction

A

physio to rebalance quads
tapping
surgery is last resort to release tight lateral retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes a patellar dislocation?

A

sudden blow or twist of knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common direction of the patella in dislocation

A

lateral

can reduce when knee is straightened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what increases the risk of patella dislocation?

A

hypermobility
under-developed lateral femoral condyles
increased Q angle
weak vastus medialis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

diagnosis of patellar dislocation

A

XR can show small opacification where patella strikes the lateral femoral condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

presentation of patellar dislocation

A

most have reduced themselves

lipohemarthrosis

21
Q

management of patellar dislocation

A

risks reoccurrence

physiotherapy to strengthen quads

22
Q

what causes a meniscal tear?

A

twisting force on a loaded knee

23
Q

common causes meniscal tears

A

sports

getting up from squat

24
Q

which side tears are more common?

A

medial

25
Q

types of tears

A
  1. longitudinal > bucket handle
  2. radial > parrot beak/oblique
  3. horizontal > flap tear
26
Q

what can a bucket handle mensical tear cause?

A

it can displace and prevent extension

27
Q

presentation of a meniscal tear

A

localised pain in joint line
effusion day after
catching/locking sensation

28
Q

what happens if difficulty straightening the knee persists?

A

fixed flexion deformity (FFD)

29
Q

diagnosis of meniscal tear

A

Steinmann’s test

MRI

30
Q

what happens in Steinmann’s test with a lateral meniscal tear?

A

pain in internal rotation and extension at 90 degrees

31
Q

management of meniscal tears

A 
only outer 1/3rd has blood supply so need to do arthroscopic meniscectomy
steroids injections (NEVER into tendon)
32
Q

what causes an ACL rupture?

A

high rotational force

33
Q

presentation of ACL rupture

A 
pop that is felt or heard
deep pain in knee
hemarthrosis
rotatory instability
feeling the knee could give way
34
Q

diagnosis of ACL rupture

A

Lachman’s test (tibia can be pulled forward on femur when knee is flexed)

35
Q

management of ACL rupture

A

reconstruction and intensive rehab

36
Q

what causes MCL rupture?

A

valgus stress

37
Q

presentation of MCL rupture

A

laxity
pain when stretched
tenderness over origin and insertion

38
Q

management of MCL rupture

A

tend to heal well so early motion and physio

if chronic instability then reconstruction

39
Q

what causes LCL rupture?

A

varus stress

40
Q

is LCL rupture common?

A

no

41
Q

management of LCL rupture

A

doesn’t heal well so urgent reconstruction

42
Q

what causes a PCL rupture?

A

direct blow on anterior tibia with flexed knee OR

hyperextension

43
Q

what are the risks in PCL rupture?

A

peroneal nerve injury

popliteal artery incident

44
Q

what does peroneal nerve injury present with?

A

foot drop

45
Q

presentation of PCL rupture

A

instability descending stairs
pain
bruising

46
Q

management of PCL rupture

A

tendon graft surgery

47
Q

who is most likely to dislocate their knee

A

teenage girls

48
Q

complications of knee dislocation

A

popliteal artery
peroneal nerve
compartment syndrome
CHECK CIRCULATION OF FOOT

49
Q

management of knee dislocation

A

urgent surgical repair

MSK 2020 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions