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ANA, BCHM, PHY > ✅ BIOCHEM - Carbohydrates > Flashcards

✅ BIOCHEM - Carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Empiric formula of carbs

A

(CH2O)n

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2
Q

Number of sugar units in oligosaccharides

A

3-10 sugars

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3
Q

Monosaccharides are classified accdg to

A

Number of carbon atoms

Functional group

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4
Q

Glucose is what type of monosaccharide

A

Aldose

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5
Q

______ have carbonyl groups at the end

A

Aldose

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6
Q

_____ have carbonyl groups in the middle

A

Ketoses

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7
Q

Glucose when oxidized forms

A

Glucuronic acid

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8
Q

Glucose when reduced form

A

Sorbitol (alcohol)

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9
Q

What sugars are abundant in humans?

A

D-sugars

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10
Q

The sugar of the body

A

D-glucose

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11
Q

What sugar is a constituent of many glycoproteins?

A

D-mannose

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12
Q

Xylose is found in

A

Glycoproteins

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13
Q

Neuraminic acid is found in

A

Proteoglycans

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14
Q

Monosaccharide found in cardiac tissue

A

Lyxose

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15
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

Condensation of 2 monosaccharides

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16
Q

Bond between disaccharides

A

Glycosidic bonds

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17
Q

Glucose + glucose

What bond?

A

Maltose

Alpha 1,4

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18
Q

Glucose + galactose

A

Lactose

Beta 1,4

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19
Q

Glucose + fructose

A

Sucrose

Alpha 1,2

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20
Q

Example of an oligosaccharide

A

Maltotriose

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21
Q

Disaccharide from fungi and yeast. A major source of insect hemolymph.

A

Trehalose

22
Q

Polysaccharide of fructose used to determine GFR

A

Inulin

23
Q

Bonds of cellulose

A

Beta 1,4

24
Q

Other name for mucopolysaccharides

A

Glycosaminoglycans

25
Q

2 types of projections in chemical structure

A

Fisher and hayworth

26
Q

What are isomers?

A

Same chemical formula but different structures

27
Q

Define epimers

A

Compounds that differe in configuration around only one specific carbon atom with the exception of the carbonyl carbon

28
Q

Define enantiomers

A

Mirror images

Designated as levo or dextro

29
Q

Other name for enantiomers

A

Stereoisomers

Optical isomers

30
Q

6 carbon ring

A

Pyran ring

31
Q

5 carbon ring

A

Furan ring

32
Q

Define anomer

A

Convertible between a linear form and ring form

33
Q

Spontaneous interconversion of anomers through a process

A

Mutarotation

34
Q

Principal sites of carbohydrate digestion

A

Mouth

SI

35
Q

Amylase can digest what type of glycosidic bonds

A

Alpha 1,4

36
Q

Pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes complex carbs to what forms

A

Disaccharides and trisaccharides

But NOT directly to monosaccharides

37
Q

Disaccharides are digested in the _____

A

Brush border of the SI

38
Q

Glut 2 is what type of channel

A

Facilitated diffusion

39
Q

Glut 5 utilizes what transport means?

A

Facilitated diffusion

40
Q

SGLT 1 is what type of transport?

A

Secondary active transport

41
Q

Other name for SGLT 1

A

Sodium glucose symport

42
Q

Glut 5 transporter is for all sugars. T or false

A

False

For glucose, galactose, fructose

43
Q

SGLT 1 is for what sugars?

A

Glucose

Galactose

44
Q

Define glycemic index

A

Increase in blood glucose after a test dose of a carb compared to that with an equivalent amt of glucose

45
Q

Lactose intolerance : Asians

Isomaltase-sucrase deficiency : ?

A

Greenland eskimos

46
Q

What is the basis for the not giving milk to someone with diarrhea?

A

Wash off of enzymes transiently

47
Q

Both anabolic and metabolic pathway

A

Amphibolic

48
Q

Example of an amphibolic pathway

A

Kreb’s Cycle

49
Q

Most abundant organic molecules in nature

A

Carbohydrates

50
Q

Only insulin stimulated glut transporter

A

Glut 4

51
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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