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ANA, BCHM, PHY > 1.7 PHYSIOLOGY -Cardio > Flashcards

1.7 PHYSIOLOGY -Cardio Flashcards

0
Q

Other name right atrial pressure

A

Central venous pressure

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1
Q

Semilunar valves

A

Aortic and pulmonic

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2
Q

2 arteries that carry deoxygenated blood

A

Pulmonary artery and umbilical artery

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3
Q

Area in the human body with 100 percent oxygenation

A

Pulmonary vein

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4
Q

3 shunts present in fetal circulatiom

A

Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus

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5
Q

4 layers of the artery

A

Tunica intima, media, externa and serosa

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6
Q

Tunica externa + serosa

A

Tunica adventitia

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7
Q

Alpha 1 receptors in arterioles are mainly responsible for

A

Smooth muscle constriction, vasoconstriction

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8
Q

Are varicose veins a risk factor for DVT?

A

No.

Immobilization

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9
Q

Beta 2 receptors are responsible for

A

Smooth muscle relaxation

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10
Q

When arterioles vasoconstrict, what happens to blood flow and TPR?

A

BF dec

TPR inc

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11
Q

When arterioles dilate, what happens to blood flow and TPR?

A

Inc BF

Dec TPR

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12
Q

Where do you usually find alpha 1 receptors?

A

Skin, splanchnic, renal

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13
Q

Where do you usually find beta 2 receptors?

A

Skeletal muscles

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14
Q

Reservoir of blood

A

Veins

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15
Q

Parts before true capillaries

A

Arteriole-> metarteriole > precapillary sphincters

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16
Q

Veins contain which type of receptors?

A

Alpha 1

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17
Q

Percentage of blood to the following organs from the aorta:

Cerebral
Coronary
Renal
GI
Skeletal
Skin
A 
Cerebral 15
Coronary 5
Renal 25
GI 25
Skeletal 25
Skin 5
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18
Q

How many percent of blood are in the veins?

A

64%

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19
Q

Formula for compliance

A

C= V/P

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20
Q

The greater the reynold’s the number, the greater the probability of

A

Turbulent blood flow

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21
Q

Velocity is highest at the ____ of the blood flow

A

Center

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22
Q

Max heart rate

A

220-age

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23
Q

2 reasons for phase 2

A

Calcim induced cal release

Ventricular filling

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24
Q

Ion that causes depolarization in SA node and skeletal muscles

A

Calcium

25
Q

The SA node has what receptors?

A

Beta 1 and muscarinic receptors

26
Q

Most common arrhythmia post MI

A

Ventricular fibrillation

27
Q

Basis for Vfib

A

Circus movements

28
Q

Adverse effect of digoxin

A

Yello vision

Gynecomastia

29
Q

Gynecomastia causing drugs

A

Some drugs create awesome knockers

Spirinolactone
Digoxin
Cimetidine
Alcohol
Ketoconazole
30
Q

Normal CO

A

5 liters/ min at rest

31
Q

2 mechanism that match venous return with cardiac output

A

Frank starling mechanism

Bainbridge reflex

32
Q

Blood pressure at the large arteries

A

120/80

33
Q

Blood pressure at the capillaries

A

17 mmHg

34
Q

BP at the vena cava and R atrium

A

0 mmHg

35
Q

Bp at the pulmo arteries

A

25/8

36
Q

BP at the capillaries

A

7 mmHg

37
Q

ECG change associated with hypokalemia

A

Flat/inverted T waves with U waves

38
Q

ECG change associated with hyperkalemia

A

Low P waves, tall T waves

39
Q

ECG change in hypocalcemia

A

Prolonged QT interval

40
Q

ECG changes in hypercalcemia

A

Shortened QT

41
Q

Region of infarct in STEMI

A

Transmural

42
Q

Region of infarct affected in NSTEMI

A

Partial thicknes

43
Q

Layer of the heart affected in NSTEMI

A

Subendocardial layer

44
Q

Other name for STEMI

A

Q wave MI

45
Q

Reynold’s number for laminar flow

A

<2000

46
Q

Reynold’s number for turbulent flow

A

> 2000

47
Q

Define shear

A

A strain produced in the structure of a substance produced by pressure when its layers are laterally shifted in relation to each other.

48
Q

Shear is highest in the

A

Walls of the vessels

49
Q

Shear is lowest in the

A

Center of the blood vessel

50
Q

Consequence of shear

A

Decreased blood viscosity

51
Q

Compliance of veins vs arteries

A

24x higher

52
Q

Compliance of arteries in aging

A

Decreased

53
Q

Highest arterial blood pressure

A

Systolic bp

54
Q

Lowest arterial blood pressure

A

Diastolic bp

55
Q

Pulse pressure

A

Systolic-diastolic

56
Q

Stroke volume/arterial compliance

A

Pulse pressure

57
Q

Formula for MAP

A

2/3diastole + 1/3 systole

58
Q

Synonym for R atrial pressure

A

CVP

59
Q

Estimates left atrial pressure

A

Pulmonary wedge capillary pressure

60
Q

Differentiates cardiogenic pulmonary edema vs ARDS

A

PCWP

ANA, BCHM, PHY (23 decks)

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