1.4 PHYSIOLOGY - Renal Flashcards
Waste product from proteins
Urea
Waste product from purines
Uric Acid
Waste product from muscles
Creatinine
Waste product from RBCs
Bilirubin
3 functions of the kidney
- Excretion
- Homeostasis
- Secretion
Renal Circulation
Renal Artery –> Segmental Artery –> Interlobar Art. –> Arcuate Art –> Interlobular (Cortical radiate/Radial Art) –> Afferent Arteriole –> Glomerular Capillaries –> Efferent Arteriole –> Peritubular capillaries/Vasa recta –> Interlobular Vein –> Arcuate Vein –> Interlobar –> Segmental –> Renal Vein
Organs that produce glucose during starvation state
Liver and Kidney
Define Urine
an ultrafiltrate of blood
Location of the kidney
T12-L3
Weight of the kidney
150g
Basic parts of the kidney from lateral to medial
Capsule Cortex Medulla Renal Papilla Renal Calyces (Major and Minor) Renal Pelvis
Only capillaries in the human body that leads to arterioles and not venules
Glomerular capillaries
2 types of nephrons
Cortical and JM nephrons
Capillaries of cortical nephrons
Peritubular capillaries
Capillaries of JM nephrons
Vasa recta (Peritubular capillary)
Capacity of the bladder
600ml
Volume when urge to urinate is felt
150ml (25% filled)
Reflex contraction of bladder
300ml
Stretch sensitive muscle of the bladder
Detrussor
Voluntary sphincter of the urethra
External urethral sphincter
Involuntary sphincter of the urethra
Internal urethral sphincter
Number of nephrons per kidney
1 Million
Nephrons cannot be regenerated. True or false?
True
2 Major parts of the nephron
- Renal Corpuscle
2. Renal Tubular System
How many percent damage until compensatory hypertrophy of the kidneys?
75%
Differentiate cortical nephrons and JM nephrons based on:
Percentage
Location
Loops of Henle
Capillary Network
Percentage 75% Cortical - 25%JM
Location - Cortical, JM
Loops of Henle - Short LH - Long LH
Capillary Network - Peritubular capillaries - Vasa recta
3 barriers to filtration in the glomerulus
- Endothelial Cell
- Basement Membrane
- Podocytes
Cells that secrete renin
JG Cells
Podocytes contain
- Foot processes
2. Filtration Slits
Components of the basement membrane
Type IV Collagen
Lainin, Agrin, Perlecan, Fibronectin
Function of the Macula Densa
Monitor Na concentration and consequently blood pressure
Where are JG Cells and Macula Densa found?
Mnemonic: “JGA, MD”
JG - Afferent Arteriole
MD - Macula Densa Distal tubule
Workhorse of the nephron
PCT
Parts of the loop of henle
Descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thick ascending limb
Parts of the distal tubule
Early and Late
Substances that are filtered only
Inulin and Creatinine
Substances that are filtered and partially reabsorbed
Many electrolytes
Substances that are filtered and completely reabsorbed
Glucose, Amino acids
Substances that are filtered and secreted
PAH, Organic acids and bases
Define filtration fraction
Fraction of renal plasma flow that is filtered
GFR/RPF
Normal filtration fraction
20%
Filterability of substances accdg to size
Water>Na, Glucose, Inulin>Myoglobin>Albumin
Filterability of substances accdg to charge
Positive Substances>Neutral>Negative Substances