Barron's: Chapter 8 - Motivation and Emotion Flashcards
1
Q
Motivations
A
- feelings or ideas that cause us to at toward a goal
2
Q
Instincts
A
- automatic behaviors performed in response to specific stimuli
3
Q
Drive reduction theory
A
- the theory that our behavior is motivated by biological needs
4
Q
Need
A
- one of our requirements for survival
5
Q
Drive
A
- is our impulse to act in a way that satisfies a need
6
Q
Primary drives
A
- biological needs
7
Q
Secondary drives
A
- learned drives
8
Q
Homeostasis
A
- a balanced internal state
9
Q
Arousal Theory
A
- states that we seek an optimum level of excitement or arousal
10
Q
Yerkes-Dodson law
A
- states that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point
11
Q
Opponent-process theory of motivation
A
- states that people are usually at a normal, or baseline, state
12
Q
Incentives
A
- stimuli that we are drawn to due to learning
13
Q
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
A
- a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid. Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people.
14
Q
Self-actualization
A
- a need to fulfill our unique potential as a person
15
Q
Lateral hypothalamus
A
- when simulated causes the animal to eat
16
Q
Ventromedial hypothalamus
A
- causes the animal to stop eating when it is stimulated
17
Q
Set-point theory
A
- describes how the hypothalamus might decide what impulse to send
18
Q
Bulimia
A
- people who eat large amounts of food in a short period of time and then get rid of the food by vomiting, excessive exercise, or the use of laxatives. bulimics are obsessed with food and their weight
19
Q
Anorexia
A
- people who starve themselves t below 85 percent of their normal body weight and refuse to eat due to their obsession with weight
20
Q
Obesity
A
- people are severely overweight, often by over 100 pounds, and the excess weight threatens their health. obese people typically have unhealthy eating habits rather than the food obsessions of the other two disorders
21
Q
Achievement motivation
A
- a theory that tries to explain the motivations behind more complex behaviors
22
Q
Extrinsic motivators
A
- rewards that we get for accomplishments from outside ourselves
23
Q
Intrinsic motivators
A
- rewards we get internally, such as enjoyment or satisfaction
24
Q
Management theory
A
- systems theory are popular management theories. Theory X and Y, which addresses management strategies for workforce motivation, is also implemented to help increase worker productivity.
25
Q
Approach-approach conflict
A
- occurs when you must choose between two desirable outcomes
26
Q
Avoidance-avoidance conflict
A
- occurs when you must choose between tow unattractive outcomes
27
Q
Approach-avoidance conflict
A
- occurs when one event or goal has botha ttractive and unattracive features
28
Q
James-Lange theory of emotion
A
- we feel emotion because of biological changes caused by stress
29
Q
Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
A
- similar physiological changes correspond with drastically different emotional states
30
Q
Two-factor theory
A
- states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction.
31
Q
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
A
- describes the genreal response animals have to a stressful event
32
Q
Charles Darwin
A
- he best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.
33
Q
Abraham Maslow
A
- he is best known for creating Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization
34
Q
William Masters
A
- best known as the senior member of the Masters and Johnson sexuality research team.
35
Q
Virginia Johnson
A
- best known as the member of the Johnson sexuality research team.
36
Q
Alfred Kinsey
A
- was an American biologist, professor of entomology and zoology, and sexologist
37
Q
William James
A
- was an American philosopher and psychologist who was also trained as a physician.
38
Q
Carl Lange
A
- was a Danish physician who made contributions to the fields of neurology, psychiatry, and psychology.
39
Q
Walter Cannon
A
- was an American physiologist, professor and chairman of the Department of Physiology at Harvard Medical School.
40
Q
Philip Bard
A
- was a physiologist at Harvard University, who is perhaps best known for his classic treatise on homeostasis.
41
Q
Stanley Schachter
A
- was an American social psychologist, who is perhaps best known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion in 1962 along with Jerome E. Singer.
42
Q
Thomas Holmes
A
- was a physician who is considered the father of American embalming
43
Q
Richard Rahe
A
- examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful events might cause illnesses
44
Q
Hans Seyle
A
- he conducted much important scientific work on the hypothetical non-specific response of an organism to stressors.
