7.4 Using the Principles of Learning to Understand Everyday Behavior

Question 1

programmed instruction

Answer 1

• an educational tool that consists of self-teaching with the aid of a specialized textbook or teaching machine that presents material in a logical sequence

Question 2

Learning theories

Answer 2

• used to change behaviors in many areas of everyday life

Question 3

outcomes

Answer 3

• the presence of reinforcers and the absence of punishers

Question 4

social dilemma

Answer 4

• a situation in which the behavior that creates the most positive outcomes for the individual may in the long term lead to negative consequences for the group as a whole

Question 5

prisoner’s dilemma game

Answer 5

• represents a social dilemma in which the goals of the individual compete with the goals of another individual (or sometimes with a group of other individuals)