11.2 The Origins of Personality

Question 1

id

Answer 1

• the component of personality that forms the basis of our most primitive impulses

Question 2

superego

Answer 2

• our sense of morality and oughts

Question 3

reality principle

Answer 3

• the idea that we must delay gratification of our basic motivations until the appropriate time with the appropriate outlet

Question 4

ego

Answer 4

• the largely conscious controller or decision-maker of personality

Question 5

defense mechanisms

Answer 5

• unconscious psychological strategies used to cope with anxiety and to maintain a positive self-image

Question 6

neo-Freudian theories

Answer 6

• The neo-Freudian theories are theories based on Freudian principles that emphasize the role of the unconscious and early experience in shaping personality but place less evidence on sexuality as the primary motivating force in personality and are more optimistic concerning the prospects for personality growth and change in personality in adults.

Question 7

collective consciousness

Answer 7

• a collection of shared ancestral memories

Question 8

self-concept

Answer 8

• the set of beliefs about who we are, and self-esteem, our positive feelings about the self

Question 9

self-actualization

Answer 9

• the motivation to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent

Question 10

unconditional positive regard

Answer 10

• a set of behaviors including being genuine, open to experience, transparent, able to listen to others, and self-disclosing and empathic