7.1 Learning by Association: Classical Conditioning Flashcards
1
Q
learning
A
- the relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior that is the result of experience
2
Q
conditioning
A
- the ability to connect stimuli (the changes that occur in the environment) with responses (behaviors or other actions)
3
Q
classical conditioning
A
- learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus (e.g., a tone) becomes associated with a stimulus (e.g., food) that naturally produces a behavior
4
Q
unconditioned stimulus (US)
A
- something (such as food) that triggers a natural occurring response
5
Q
unconditioned response (UR)
A
- the naturally occurring response (such as salivation) that follows the unconditioned stimulus
6
Q
conditioned stimulus (CS)
A
- a neutral stimulus that, after being repeatedly presented prior to the unconditioned stimulus, evokes a similar response as the unconditioned stimulus
7
Q
conditioned response (CR)
A
- the acquired response to the formerly neutral stimulus
8
Q
extinction
A
- the reduction in responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus
9
Q
spontaneous recovery
A
- the increase in responding to the CS following a pause after extinction
10
Q
generalization
A
- the tendency to respond to stimuli that resemble the original conditioned stimulus
11
Q
discrimination
A
- the tendency to respond differently to stimuli that are similar but not identical
12
Q
second-order conditioning
A
- an existing conditioned stimulus can serve as an unconditioned stimulus for a pairing with a new conditioned stimulus
13
Q
phobia
A
- a strong and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation
14
Q
Post traumatic stress disorder
A
- a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a fearful event, such as the threat of death
