Barron's: Chapter 12 - Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
1
Q
Insane
A
- mental illness of such a severe nature that a person cannot distinguish fantasy from reality, cannot conduct her/his affairs due to psychosis, or is subject to uncontrollable impulsive behavior
2
Q
DSM
A
- it offers a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders
3
Q
Anxiety disorders
A
- a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear
4
Q
Specific phobia
A
- any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations
5
Q
Agoraphobia
A
- extreme or irrational fear of crowded spaces or enclosed public places
6
Q
Social anxiety disorder
A
- an anxiety disorder in which a person has an excessive and unreasonable fear of social situations
7
Q
Panic disorder
A
- a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause
8
Q
Somatic symptom disorders
A
- a psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause
9
Q
Conversion disorder
A
- a mental condition in which a person has blindness, paralysis, or other nervous system (neurologic) symptoms that cannot be explained by medical evaluation
10
Q
Dissociative disoers
A
- conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory, awareness, identity, or perception
11
Q
Psychogenic amnesia
A
- a memory disorder characterized by sudden retrograde autobiographical memory loss, said to occur for a period of time ranging from hours to years
12
Q
Dissociative identity disorder
A
- a condition wherein a person’s identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personalities
13
Q
Depressive disorders
A
- a condition wherein a person’s identity is fragmented into two or more distinct personalities
14
Q
Major depressive disorder
A
- a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of low mood that is present across most situations. It is often accompanied by low self-esteem, loss of interest in normally enjoyable activities, low energy, and pain without a clear cause
15
Q
Seasonal affective disorder
A
- depression associated with late autumn and winter and thought to be caused by a lack of light
16
Q
Bipolar disorder
A
- a mental disorder marked by alternating periods of elation and depression
17
Q
Cognitive triad
A
- an irrational and pessimistic view of the three key elements of a person’s belief system present in depression
18
Q
Learned helplessness
A
- a condition in which a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness, arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed. It is thought to be one of the underlying causes of depression
19
Q
Schizophrenic disorders
A
- a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real
20
Q
Delusions of persecution
A
- a set of delusional conditions in which the affected person believes they are being persecuted
21
Q
Delusions of grandeur
A
- a false impression of one’s own importance
22
Q
Hallucinations
A
- sensations that appear to be real but are created within the mind
23
Q
Inappropriate or flat affect
A
- lack of emotional expression
24
Q
Catatonia
A
- abnormality of movement and behavior arising from a disturbed mental state (typically schizophrenia). It may involve repetitive or purposeless overactivity, or catalepsy, resistance to passive movement, and negativism
25
Q
Waxy flexibility
A
- a psychomotor symptom of catatonic schizophrenia which leads to a decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture.
26
Q
Dopamine hypothesis
A
- it is attributing symptoms of schizophrenia (like psychoses) to a disturbed and hyperactive dopaminergic signal transduction.
27
Q
Tardive dyskinesia
A
- a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face and jaw.
28
Q
Double bind
A
- a situation in which a person is confronted with two irreconcilable demands or a choice between two undesirable courses of action.
29
Q
Diathesis-stress model
A
- a psychological theory that attempts to explain behavior as a predispositional vulnerability together with stress from life experiences.
30
Q
Personality disorders
A
- a deeply ingrained and maladaptive pattern of behavior of a specified kind, typically manifest by the time one reaches adolescence and causing long-term difficulties in personal relationships or in functioning in society.
31
Q
Antisocial personality disorder
A
- a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others. This behavior is often criminal.
32
Q
Dependent personality disorder
A
- characterized by a pervasive fear that leads to “clinging behavior” and usually manifests itself by early adulthood
33
Q
Paranoid personality disorder
A
- a mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others
34
Q
Narcissistic personality disorder
A
- a disorder in which a person has an inflated sense of self-importance
35
Q
Histrionic personality disorder
A
- a mental health condition that affects the way a person thinks, perceives, and relates to others
36
Q
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
A
- a personality disorder characterized by a general pattern of concern with orderliness, perfectionism, excessive attention to details, mental and interpersonal control, and a need for control over one’s environment
37
Q
Post-traumatic stress disorder
A
- a condition of persistent mental and emotional stress occurring as a result of injury or severe psychological shock, typically involving disturbance of sleep and constant vivid recall of the experience, with dulled responses to others and to the outside world
38
Q
Paraphilia or psychosexual disorder
A
- when an atypical sexual interest causes distress or impairment to the individual or harm to others
39
Q
Anorexia nervosa
A
- a lack or loss of appetite for food (as a medical condition)
40
Q
Bulimia
A
- an emotional disorder involving distortion of body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight, in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by depression and self-induced vomiting, purging, or fasting
41
Q
Autism spectrum disorder
A
- a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child’s ability to communicate and interact with others
42
Q
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
A
- a chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness
43
Q
Dementia
A
- a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning
44
Q
Aaron Bek
A
- he is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy, and his pioneering theories are widely used in the treatment of clinical depression.
45
Q
Martin Seligman
A
- he has been an avid promoter within the scientific community for the field of positive psychology.
46
Q
David Rosenham
A
- he is known for the Rosenham experiment, a study challenging the validity of psychiatry diagnoses.
