B9.1 & B9.2 - Circulatory System & Heart Flashcards
What is the circulatory system? [2]
a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood
Why is the circulatory system of a fish described as a single circulatory system? [1]
- it has only one loop until it is back to the heart
What does a double circulatory system mean? (both meanings) [2]
- two circuits from the heart - one to the lungs and one to the body
- passes through the heart twice in every circuit of the body
What is a double circulatory system? (the meaning i like) [2]
two circuits from the heart which include one to the lungs and one to the body
What are the advantages of a double circulation system? [2]
- blood returns to the heart after picking up oxygen at the the lungs, so it can be pumped at a higher pressure to the body
- blood is pumped faster to the body so oxygen can be delivered quicker for respiration
Why do mammals have a high rate of respiration? [1]
to keep their body temperature constant
What do veins do? [1]
carry blood back to the heart
What do arteries do? [1]
carry blood away from the heart
Why do veins have valves? [1]
to keep blood flowing in the right direction
What is the vein from the body to the heart? [1]
vena cava
What is the vein from the lungs to the heart? [1]
pulmonary vein
What is the vein from the digestive system to the liver? [1]
hepatic portal vein
What is the vein from the liver to the heart? [1]
hepatic vein
What is the vein from the kidneys to the heart? [1]
renal vein
What is the artery from the heart to the lungs? [1]
pulmonary artery
What is the artery from the heart to the body? [1]
aorta
What is the artery from the heart to the kidneys? [1]
renal artery
What is the artery from the heart to the liver? [1]
hepatic artery
What is the function of the heart? [1]
to pump blood throughout the circulatory system
What is the heart made of? [1]
cardiac muscle
What is the first part on the left of the heart called? [1]
left atrium
What is the first part on the right of the heart called? [1]
right atrium
What is the second part on the left of the heart called? [1]
left ventricle
What is the second part on the right of the heart called? [1]
right ventricle
Which side of the heart is which? (left or right) [2]
- normal left = right
- normal right = left
What is the valve on the left of the heart called? [1]
bicuspid valve
What is the valve on the right of the heart called? [1]
tricuspid valve
Which side of the heart either oxygenated or de-oxygenated? [2]
- RIGHT = de-oxygenated
- LEFT = oxygenated
What is the wall of muscle in the middle of the heart called and what does it do? [2]
- septum
- ensures that oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood don’t mix
Why does the left ventricle have a thick muscle wall? [1]
- to generate more pressure for the whole body
What are semi-lunar valves? [2]
- valves found in the pulmonary artery and aorta
- looks like a moon crescent = lunar
What is coronary heart disease? [1]
the blockage of coronary arteries
How do coronary arteries become blocked? [2]
- by fatty deposits
- called plaques
What happens if there is a complete blockage of the coronary arteries? [4]
- no blood flow to heart
- no respiration
- muscles can’t contract
- results in heart attack
What are the risk factors of coronary heart disease? [7]
- age
- sex
- genetics
- diet
- lack of exercise
- smoking
- stress
How can risk factors of coronary heart disease be prevented? [2]
- exercise
- diet
How might the activity of the heart be monitored? [3]
- electrocardiogram
- pulse rate
- listening to sounds of valves closing
What does an electrocardiogram do/measure? [2]
- rhythm of heartbeat
- assesses if someone’s heart is healthy or not
How does the cardiac cycle work? [3]
- veins fill the atria with blood whilst it is relaxing
- the atria contracts the blood into the ventricle so the AV valves are open
- the ventricles contract to push the blood out of the heart into the artery and the AV valves are closed
What is the word for relaxed? [1]
diastole
What is the word for contract? [1]
systole
What is pulse? How is it formed? [2]
- the stretch and recoil of the artery wall
- every time ventricles contract and push out a surge of blood
Where is the blood pressure the highest at? [1]
aorta
How does physical activity affect the heart rate? [7]
- physical activity requires muscles to contract
- this means more energy is needed
- this means more respiration needs to happen
- this means more oxygen and glucose is needed from the blood
- this means the heart has to pump the blood faster
- this increases the pulse rate
- then this eventually delivers oxygenated blood to the muscles
What is the function of the coronary artery? [1]
- to supply oxygen/glucose tothe heart muscle
