B9.1 & B9.2 - Circulatory System & Heart

Question 1

What is the circulatory system? [2]

Answer 1

a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood

Question 2

Why is the circulatory system of a fish described as a single circulatory system? [1]

Answer 2

• it has only one loop until it is back to the heart

Question 3

What does a double circulatory system mean? (both meanings) [2]

Answer 3

• two circuits from the heart - one to the lungs and one to the body
• passes through the heart twice in every circuit of the body

Question 4

What is a double circulatory system? (the meaning i like) [2]

Answer 4

two circuits from the heart which include one to the lungs and one to the body

Question 5

What are the advantages of a double circulation system? [2]

Answer 5

• blood returns to the heart after picking up oxygen at the the lungs, so it can be pumped at a higher pressure to the body
• blood is pumped faster to the body so oxygen can be delivered quicker for respiration

Question 6

Why do mammals have a high rate of respiration? [1]

Answer 6

to keep their body temperature constant

Question 7

What do veins do? [1]

Answer 7

carry blood back to the heart

Question 8

What do arteries do? [1]

Answer 8

carry blood away from the heart

Question 9

Why do veins have valves? [1]

Answer 9

to keep blood flowing in the right direction

Question 10

What is the vein from the body to the heart? [1]

Answer 10

vena cava

Question 11

What is the vein from the lungs to the heart? [1]

Answer 11

pulmonary vein

Question 12

What is the vein from the digestive system to the liver? [1]

Answer 12

hepatic portal vein

Question 13

What is the vein from the liver to the heart? [1]

Answer 13

hepatic vein

Question 14

What is the vein from the kidneys to the heart? [1]

Answer 14

renal vein

Question 15

What is the artery from the heart to the lungs? [1]

Answer 15

pulmonary artery

Question 16

What is the artery from the heart to the body? [1]

Answer 16

aorta

Question 17

What is the artery from the heart to the kidneys? [1]

Answer 17

renal artery

Question 18

What is the artery from the heart to the liver? [1]

Answer 18

hepatic artery

Question 19

What is the function of the heart? [1]

Answer 19

to pump blood throughout the circulatory system

Question 20

What is the heart made of? [1]

Answer 20

cardiac muscle

Question 21

What is the first part on the left of the heart called? [1]

Answer 21

left atrium

Question 22

What is the first part on the right of the heart called? [1]

Answer 22

right atrium

Question 23

What is the second part on the left of the heart called? [1]

Answer 23

left ventricle

Question 24

What is the second part on the right of the heart called? [1]

Answer 24

right ventricle

Question 25

Which side of the heart is which? (left or right) [2]

Answer 25

- normal left = right - normal right = left

Question 26

What is the valve on the left of the heart called? [1]

Answer 26

bicuspid valve

Question 27

What is the valve on the right of the heart called? [1]

Answer 27

tricuspid valve

Question 28

Which side of the heart either oxygenated or de-oxygenated? [2]

Answer 28

- RIGHT = de-oxygenated - LEFT = oxygenated

Question 29

What is the wall of muscle in the middle of the heart called and what does it do? [2]

Answer 29

- septum - ensures that oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood don't mix

Question 30

Why does the left ventricle have a thick muscle wall? [1]

Answer 30

- to generate more pressure for the whole body

Question 31

What are semi-lunar valves? [2]

Answer 31

- valves found in the pulmonary artery and aorta - looks like a moon crescent = lunar

Question 32

What is coronary heart disease? [1]

Answer 32

the blockage of coronary arteries

Question 33

How do coronary arteries become blocked? [2]

Answer 33

- by fatty deposits - called plaques

Question 34

What happens if there is a complete blockage of the coronary arteries? [4]

Answer 34

- no blood flow to heart - no respiration - muscles can't contract - results in heart attack

Question 35

What are the risk factors of coronary heart disease? [7]

Answer 35

- age - sex - genetics - diet - lack of exercise - smoking - stress

Question 36

How can risk factors of coronary heart disease be prevented? [2]

Answer 36

- exercise - diet

Question 37

How might the activity of the heart be monitored? [3]

Answer 37

- electrocardiogram - pulse rate - listening to sounds of valves closing

Question 38

What does an electrocardiogram do/measure? [2]

Answer 38

- rhythm of heartbeat - assesses if someone's heart is healthy or not

Question 39

How does the cardiac cycle work? [3]

Answer 39

- veins fill the atria with blood whilst it is relaxing - the atria contracts the blood into the ventricle so the AV valves are open - the ventricles contract to push the blood out of the heart into the artery and the AV valves are closed

Question 40

What is the word for relaxed? [1]

Answer 40

diastole

Question 41

What is the word for contract? [1]

Answer 41

systole

Question 42

What is pulse? How is it formed? [2]

Answer 42

- the stretch and recoil of the artery wall - every time ventricles contract and push out a surge of blood

Question 43

Where is the blood pressure the highest at? [1]

Answer 43

aorta

Question 44

How does physical activity affect the heart rate? [7]

Answer 44

- physical activity requires muscles to contract - this means more energy is needed - this means more respiration needs to happen - this means more oxygen and glucose is needed from the blood - this means the heart has to pump the blood faster - this increases the pulse rate - then this eventually delivers oxygenated blood to the muscles

Question 45

What is the function of the coronary artery? [1]

Answer 45

- to supply oxygen/glucose tothe heart muscle