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Biology > B9.1 & B9.2 - Circulatory System & Heart > Flashcards

B9.1 & B9.2 - Circulatory System & Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system? [2]

A

a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood

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2
Q

Why is the circulatory system of a fish described as a single circulatory system? [1]

A
  • it has only one loop until it is back to the heart
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3
Q

What does a double circulatory system mean? (both meanings) [2]

A
  • two circuits from the heart - one to the lungs and one to the body
  • passes through the heart twice in every circuit of the body
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4
Q

What is a double circulatory system? (the meaning i like) [2]

A

two circuits from the heart which include one to the lungs and one to the body

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5
Q

What are the advantages of a double circulation system? [2]

A
  • blood returns to the heart after picking up oxygen at the the lungs, so it can be pumped at a higher pressure to the body
  • blood is pumped faster to the body so oxygen can be delivered quicker for respiration
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6
Q

Why do mammals have a high rate of respiration? [1]

A

to keep their body temperature constant

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7
Q

What do veins do? [1]

A

carry blood back to the heart

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8
Q

What do arteries do? [1]

A

carry blood away from the heart

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9
Q

Why do veins have valves? [1]

A

to keep blood flowing in the right direction

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10
Q

What is the vein from the body to the heart? [1]

A

vena cava

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11
Q

What is the vein from the lungs to the heart? [1]

A

pulmonary vein

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12
Q

What is the vein from the digestive system to the liver? [1]

A

hepatic portal vein

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13
Q

What is the vein from the liver to the heart? [1]

A

hepatic vein

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14
Q

What is the vein from the kidneys to the heart? [1]

A

renal vein

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15
Q

What is the artery from the heart to the lungs? [1]

A

pulmonary artery

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16
Q

What is the artery from the heart to the body? [1]

A

aorta

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17
Q

What is the artery from the heart to the kidneys? [1]

A

renal artery

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18
Q

What is the artery from the heart to the liver? [1]

A

hepatic artery

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19
Q

What is the function of the heart? [1]

A

to pump blood throughout the circulatory system

20
Q

What is the heart made of? [1]

A

cardiac muscle

21
Q

What is the first part on the left of the heart called? [1]

A

left atrium

22
Q

What is the first part on the right of the heart called? [1]

A

right atrium

23
Q

What is the second part on the left of the heart called? [1]

A

left ventricle

24
Q

What is the second part on the right of the heart called? [1]

A

right ventricle

25
Q

Which side of the heart is which? (left or right) [2]

A
  • normal left = right
  • normal right = left
26
Q

What is the valve on the left of the heart called? [1]

A

bicuspid valve

27
Q

What is the valve on the right of the heart called? [1]

A

tricuspid valve

28
Q

Which side of the heart either oxygenated or de-oxygenated? [2]

A
  • RIGHT = de-oxygenated
  • LEFT = oxygenated
29
Q

What is the wall of muscle in the middle of the heart called and what does it do? [2]

A
  • septum
  • ensures that oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood don’t mix
30
Q

Why does the left ventricle have a thick muscle wall? [1]

A
  • to generate more pressure for the whole body
31
Q

What are semi-lunar valves? [2]

A
  • valves found in the pulmonary artery and aorta
  • looks like a moon crescent = lunar
32
Q

What is coronary heart disease? [1]

A

the blockage of coronary arteries

33
Q

How do coronary arteries become blocked? [2]

A
  • by fatty deposits
  • called plaques
34
Q

What happens if there is a complete blockage of the coronary arteries? [4]

A
  • no blood flow to heart
  • no respiration
  • muscles can’t contract
  • results in heart attack
35
Q

What are the risk factors of coronary heart disease? [7]

A
  • age
  • sex
  • genetics
  • diet
  • lack of exercise
  • smoking
  • stress
36
Q

How can risk factors of coronary heart disease be prevented? [2]

A
  • exercise
  • diet
37
Q

How might the activity of the heart be monitored? [3]

A
  • electrocardiogram
  • pulse rate
  • listening to sounds of valves closing
38
Q

What does an electrocardiogram do/measure? [2]

A
  • rhythm of heartbeat
  • assesses if someone’s heart is healthy or not
39
Q

How does the cardiac cycle work? [3]

A
  • veins fill the atria with blood whilst it is relaxing
  • the atria contracts the blood into the ventricle so the AV valves are open
  • the ventricles contract to push the blood out of the heart into the artery and the AV valves are closed
40
Q

What is the word for relaxed? [1]

A

diastole

41
Q

What is the word for contract? [1]

A

systole

42
Q

What is pulse? How is it formed? [2]

A
  • the stretch and recoil of the artery wall
  • every time ventricles contract and push out a surge of blood
43
Q

Where is the blood pressure the highest at? [1]

A

aorta

44
Q

How does physical activity affect the heart rate? [7]

A
  • physical activity requires muscles to contract
  • this means more energy is needed
  • this means more respiration needs to happen
  • this means more oxygen and glucose is needed from the blood
  • this means the heart has to pump the blood faster
  • this increases the pulse rate
  • then this eventually delivers oxygenated blood to the muscles
45
Q

What is the function of the coronary artery? [1]

A
  • to supply oxygen/glucose tothe heart muscle

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