B7 - Human Nutrition Flashcards
What is meant by the term diet? [1]
The food that we eat
Why do we eat? [3]
- energy
- growth & repair
- health
What is a balanced diet? [2]
- all the nutrients we need
- in the correct amounts
- in order to carry out all the life processes
Why do balanced diets look different for different people? [4]
- age
- lifestyle/job
- metabolism
- gender/sex
- woman pregnancy
What does too little food lead to? [2]
Malnutrition
- undernutrition
What are problems caused by undernutrition? [2]
- marasmus: energy deficiency
- kwashiorkor: protein deficiency
What does too much food lead to? [2]
Malnutrition
- overnutrition
What are problems caused by overnutrition? [2]
obesity
- type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea
What is overnutrition? [1]
If diet contains more energy than required
About what percent of the body is water? [1]
70%
About what percent of blood is water? [1]
90%
Where is water stored in all cells? [1]
Cytoplasm
Where in glucose is chemical energy? [1]
the bonds
What is excess glucose stored as? [1]
Glycogen
What happens after the glycogen storage limit? [1]
Stored as fat
Fat is in _________ amounts [1]
unlimited
What are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids called? [1]
Macromolecules
What are deficiencies of carbohydrates? [4]
- lack of energy
- fatigue
- weakness
- more prone to illness
What are deficiencies of proteins? [4]
kwashiorkor: swollen abdomen, muscle wastage especially in limbs, stunted growth
What are deficiencies of lipids? [4]
- weight loss
- anorexia
- fat soluble vitamin deficiency
What are food sources of vitamin C? [5]
- strawberries
- tomato juice
- orange
- bell peppers
- kiwi
What is the importance of vitamin C to the body? [2]
- growth and repair of tissues in all parts of body
- for the immune system
What are deficiencies of vitamin C? [4]
SCURVY: painful joints, poor wound healing and bleeding gums
What are food sources for vitamin D? [5]
- milk
- eggs
- mushrooms
- cereal
- pork
What is the importance of vitamin D to the body? [2]
- needed for calcium absorption
- needed for bone formation and strength
What are deficiencies of vitamin D? [4]
RICKETS: bone deformation, bone pain, brittle bones and dental problems
What are the 2 main minerals we need? [2]
- Calcium
- Iron
How do you know what is a mineral? [1]
minerals are elements in the periodic table
What are food sources for calcium? [4]
- almonds
- dairy products
- tofu
- leafy green vegetables
What is the importance of calcium to the body? [2]
- making new bones and teeth
- keeping them strong
What are deficiencies of calcium? [3]
RICKETS: bones do not form properly, dental problem = weak teeth
What are food sources for iron? [5]
- dark chocolate
- broccoli
- fruits
- red meat
- tofu
What is the importance of iron to the body? [2]
- making haemoglobin
- carried by red blood cells
What are deficiencies of iron? [3]
ANAEMIA: tiredness and shortness of breath
What are food sources for fibre? [3]
- wholemeal bread
- fruit
- vegetables
What is the importance of fibre to the body? [1]
aids the movement of food through the gut
What are deficiencies of fibre? [1]
causes constipation if too little fibre is eaten
What is the importance of water to the body? [4]
- transport of dissolved substances
- excretion of toxic waste products
- digestion
- all metabolic reactions
What are deficiencies of water? [2]
- dehydration
- death with a few days
