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Biology > B7 - Human Nutrition > Flashcards

B7 - Human Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meant by the term diet? [1]

A

The food that we eat

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2
Q

Why do we eat? [3]

A
  • energy
  • growth & repair
  • health
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3
Q

What is a balanced diet? [2]

A
  • all the nutrients we need
  • in the correct amounts
  • in order to carry out all the life processes
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4
Q

Why do balanced diets look different for different people? [4]

A
  • age
  • lifestyle/job
  • metabolism
  • gender/sex
    - woman pregnancy
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5
Q

What does too little food lead to? [2]

A

Malnutrition
- undernutrition

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6
Q

What are problems caused by undernutrition? [2]

A
  • marasmus: energy deficiency
  • kwashiorkor: protein deficiency
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7
Q

What does too much food lead to? [2]

A

Malnutrition
- overnutrition

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8
Q

What are problems caused by overnutrition? [2]

A

obesity
- type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea

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9
Q

What is overnutrition? [1]

A

If diet contains more energy than required

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10
Q

About what percent of the body is water? [1]

A

70%

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11
Q

About what percent of blood is water? [1]

A

90%

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12
Q

Where is water stored in all cells? [1]

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Where in glucose is chemical energy? [1]

A

the bonds

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14
Q

What is excess glucose stored as? [1]

A

Glycogen

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15
Q

What happens after the glycogen storage limit? [1]

A

Stored as fat

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16
Q

Fat is in _________ amounts [1]

A

unlimited

17
Q

What are carbohydrates, proteins and lipids called? [1]

A

Macromolecules

18
Q

What are deficiencies of carbohydrates? [4]

A
  • lack of energy
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • more prone to illness
19
Q

What are deficiencies of proteins? [4]

A

kwashiorkor: swollen abdomen, muscle wastage especially in limbs, stunted growth

20
Q

What are deficiencies of lipids? [4]

A
  • weight loss
  • anorexia
  • fat soluble vitamin deficiency
21
Q

What are food sources of vitamin C? [5]

A
  • strawberries
  • tomato juice
  • orange
  • bell peppers
  • kiwi
22
Q

What is the importance of vitamin C to the body? [2]

A
  • growth and repair of tissues in all parts of body
  • for the immune system
23
Q

What are deficiencies of vitamin C? [4]

A

SCURVY: painful joints, poor wound healing and bleeding gums

24
Q

What are food sources for vitamin D? [5]

A
  • milk
  • eggs
  • mushrooms
  • cereal
  • pork
25
Q

What is the importance of vitamin D to the body? [2]

A
  • needed for calcium absorption
    • needed for bone formation and strength
26
Q

What are deficiencies of vitamin D? [4]

A

RICKETS: bone deformation, bone pain, brittle bones and dental problems

27
Q

What are the 2 main minerals we need? [2]

A
  • Calcium
  • Iron
28
Q

How do you know what is a mineral? [1]

A

minerals are elements in the periodic table

29
Q

What are food sources for calcium? [4]

A
  • almonds
  • dairy products
  • tofu
  • leafy green vegetables
30
Q

What is the importance of calcium to the body? [2]

A
  • making new bones and teeth
  • keeping them strong
31
Q

What are deficiencies of calcium? [3]

A

RICKETS: bones do not form properly, dental problem = weak teeth

32
Q

What are food sources for iron? [5]

A
  • dark chocolate
  • broccoli
  • fruits
  • red meat
  • tofu
33
Q

What is the importance of iron to the body? [2]

A
  • making haemoglobin
    • carried by red blood cells
34
Q

What are deficiencies of iron? [3]

A

ANAEMIA: tiredness and shortness of breath

35
Q

What are food sources for fibre? [3]

A
  • wholemeal bread
  • fruit
  • vegetables
36
Q

What is the importance of fibre to the body? [1]

A

aids the movement of food through the gut

37
Q

What are deficiencies of fibre? [1]

A

causes constipation if too little fibre is eaten

38
Q

What is the importance of water to the body? [4]

A
  • transport of dissolved substances
  • excretion of toxic waste products
  • digestion
  • all metabolic reactions
39
Q

What are deficiencies of water? [2]

A
  • dehydration
  • death with a few days

Biology (20 decks)

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