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Biology > B7.2 & B7.3 - Digestive System & Digestion > Flashcards

B7.2 & B7.3 - Digestive System & Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ingestion? [2]

A

The taking of substances into the body, through the mouth

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2
Q

What is mechanical/physical digestion? [2]

A

It’s the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

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3
Q

What is chemical digestion? [2]

A

It’s the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules in the food into small, soluble molecules

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4
Q

What is absorption? [2]

A

When small, digested food molecules and ions cross the wall of the ileum (s. int.) and the wall of the capillary into the bloodstream

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5
Q

What is assimilation? [2]

A

When digested food is moved into the cells of the body, where they are used for energy, growth and repair and become a part of the cell

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6
Q

What is egestion? [2]

A

the removal of undigested food from the body as faeces

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7
Q

What is digestion? [1]

A

the breakdown of food

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8
Q

Function of the mouth [1]

A

This is where food enters the alimentary canal - teeth, tongue and saliva break down food

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9
Q

Function of the salivary glands? [1]

A

There are three pairs - they produce saliva and pour it into the mouth through salivary ducts

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10
Q

Function of the oesophagus [1]

A

It’s a muscular tube which connects the mouth and stomach

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11
Q

What is peristalsis? [2]

A

a series of wave-like muscular contractions that moves food to the digestive system

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12
Q

Function of the stomach [1]

A

It churns the food up with its muscular walls

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13
Q

What 2 things does the stomach produce? [2]

A
  1. the protease enzyme / pepsin
  2. gastric juice (containing hydrochloric acid)
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14
Q

What are the 2 reasons for gastric juice in the stomach? [2]

A
  1. to kill bacteria
    • it has a low (acidic) pH which denatures the enzymes in the harmful microorganisms
  2. to give an acid pH for the enzyme pepsin to work
    • optimum pH is 2
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15
Q

Function of the liver [1]

A

produces bile

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16
Q

What is bile and what does it do? [3]

A
  • alkaline mixture
  • it neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juice which come from the stomach and go to the duodenum
  • they do this to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action in the small intestine
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17
Q

Function of the gall bladder [1]

A

stores bile until the bile is poured into the duodenum through the bile duct

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18
Q

Pancreas [2]

A
  • produces pancreatic juice which contain protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
  • released into small intestine through pancreatic duct
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19
Q

What are the two part of the small intestine called? [2]

A
  • duodenum
  • ileum
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20
Q

Function of the duodenum [2]

A
  • semi-liquid food is mixed with pancreatic juice and bile
  • stomach acid is neutralised by alkaline pancreatic juice
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21
Q

Function of the ileum [2]

A
  • digestion is completed here
  • products of digestion (amino acids, glucose and fatty acids with glycerol) are absorbed into the blood
  • site of absorption
22
Q

What are the two part of the large intestine called? [2]

A
  • colon
  • rectum
23
Q

Function of the colon [1]

A

remaining water and salts are absorbed here

24
Q

Function of the rectum [1]

A

faeces are formed here

25
Q

What do faeces contain? [3]

A
  • fibre
  • bacteria
  • dead cells
26
Q

Function of the anus [1]

A

faeces are removed from the body through the anus by egestion

27
Q

Why is physical digestion used? [2]

A
  • to increase the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion
28
Q

Why is chemical digestion used? [1]

A
  • to produce small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed
29
Q

What is the role of bile? [1]

A
  • to emulsify fats and oils
30
Q

Why does bile need to emulsify fats and oils? [1]

A
  • to increase the surface area for chemical digestion
31
Q

What is hydrolysis? [2]

A

breaking a chemical bond and adding water

32
Q

Where is the enzyme AMYLASE found? [1]

A

mouth

33
Q

Where is the enzyme LIPASE found? [1]

A

duodenum / small intestine

34
Q

Where is the enzyme PANCREATIC AMYLASE found? [1]

A

duodenum / small intestine

35
Q

Where is the enzyme PEPSIN found? [1]

A

stomach

36
Q

Where is the enzyme TRYPSIN found? [1]

A

duodenum / small intestine

37
Q

What does the enzyme AMYLASE break down? [1]

A

starch

38
Q

What does the enzyme LIPASE break down? [1]

A

fats

39
Q

What does the enzyme PANCREATIC AMYLASE break down? [1]

A

maltose

40
Q

What does the enzyme PEPSIN break down? [1]

A

protein

41
Q

What does the enzyme TRYPSIN break down? [1]

A

protein

42
Q

What is STARCH broken down into? [1]

A

maltose

43
Q

What are FATS broken down into? [1]

A

fatty acids & glycerol

44
Q

What is MALTOSE broken down into? [1]

A

glucose

45
Q

What is PROTEIN broken down into? [1]

A

amino acids

46
Q

What is the optimum pH for AMYLASE to work in? [1]

A

pH 7

47
Q

What is the optimum pH for LIPASE to work in? [1]

A

pH 7/8

48
Q

What is the optimum pH for PANCREATIC AMYLASE to work in? [1]

A

pH 8

49
Q

What is the optimum pH for PEPSIN to work in? [1]

A

pH 2

50
Q

What is the optimum pH for TRYPSIN to work in? [1]

A

pH 7/8

51
Q

What are the THREE places where digestion happens? [3]

A
  1. mouth
  2. stomach
  3. duodenum / small intestine
52
Q

What are the THREE digestive enzymes? [3]

A
  1. Amylase
  2. Proteases
  3. Lipase

Biology (20 decks)

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