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Biology > B4 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

B4 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of? [1]

A

Simple sugars

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2
Q

Which elements do carbohydrate molecules contain? [3]

A

Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen

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3
Q

What is the main component of cell walls? [1]

A

Cellulose

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4
Q

What are the large, complex carbohydrates made up of? [1]

A

many smaller molecules of glucose (a simple sugar) joined together in a long chain

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5
Q

Which elements do protein molecules contain? [4]

A

Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen & Oxygen

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6
Q

What are proteins made up of? [1]

A

Long chains of Amino Acids

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7
Q

What do some proteins also contain in terms of elements? [1]

A

Sulfur atoms

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8
Q

Which elements do fat molecules contain? [3]

A

Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen

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9
Q

What are fats and oils made up of? [2]

A

Fatty acids & Glycerol

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10
Q

What smaller molecules is glucose made from? [3]

A

Starch, Glycogen & Cellulose

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11
Q

Why do organisms need carbohydrates? [1]

A

Easily available energy

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12
Q

Why do organisms need fats? [3]

A

Storage of energy, insulation & making cell membranes

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13
Q

Why do organisms need proteins? [5]

A

Making cells, antibodies, enzymes, haemoglobin & used for energy

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14
Q

In carbohydrates, what can starch and glycogen be broken down into and then what individual molecule? [2]

A

Maltose sugars - then individual glucose molecules

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15
Q

What’s the importance of carbohydrates? [1]

A
  • energy release (respiration)
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16
Q

What are carbohydrates temporarily stored as and where? [2]

A
  • glycogen
  • liver/muscles
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17
Q

What are excess carbohydrates stored as? [1]

A

Fat

18
Q

What are some food sources of carbohydrates? [6]

A
  • bread
  • rice
  • pasta
  • potato
  • jam
  • honey
19
Q

What are the two groups of carbohydrates? [2]

A

Starch & Sugar

20
Q

Why are carbohydrates stored as starch? [3]

A
  • insoluble
  • won’t dissolve in water
  • won’t affect osmosis in cells
21
Q

Why do we need food? [4]

A
  • energy
  • growth
  • repair
  • health
22
Q

What’s the acronym as to why we need food? [3]

A

Enjoy GReat Health

23
Q

What are proteins first broken down into to form? [1]

A

Polypeptides

24
Q

What’s the importance of proteins? [4]

A
  • growth
  • tissue repair
  • making enzymes
  • prevents kwashiorkor
25
Q

What are some food sources of proteins? [6]

A
  • meat
  • fish
  • beans
  • lentils
  • nuts
  • eggs
26
Q

What is the name for a fat? [1]

A

Triglyceride

27
Q

What’s the importance of fats/lipids? [2]

A
  • insulation
  • long term energy storage
28
Q

What are some food sources of fats/lipids? [6]

A
  • vegetable oil
  • red meat
  • egg yolks
  • chocolate
  • cream
  • butter
29
Q

What are enzymes? [2]

A

Proteins that speed up reactions in living systems.

30
Q

Where is glucose and glycogen stored in animals? [2]

A
  • glucose: blood
  • glycogen: liver & muscles
31
Q

Where is sucrose, sugar, starch and cellulose stored in plants? [4]

A
  • sucrose: phloem
  • sugar: nectar
  • starch: leaves
  • celulose: cell wall
32
Q

What is used to test for starch? [1]

A

Iodine

33
Q

What is used to test for protein? [1]

A

Biuret test

34
Q

What is used to test for fats and oils? [1]

A

Ethanol Emulsion Test

35
Q

What is used to test for sugars? [1]

A

Benedict’s Solution

36
Q

From what colour to what colour does the sample change if starch IS present? [1]

A

browny-orange –> dark blue-black colour

37
Q

From what colour to what colour does the sample change if protein IS present? [1]

A

blue —> purple

38
Q

From what colour to what colour does the sample change if lipids ARE present? [1]

A

clear –> milky/cloudy emulsion

39
Q

From what colour to what colour does the sample change if sugar IS present? [2]

A

blue —> blue, green, yellow, orange, brick red

40
Q

What are the 3 main biological molecules called? [3]

A

CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEIN , FATS/LIPIDS

Biology (20 decks)

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