B16 - Inheritance Flashcards
What is a diploid nucleus? [2]
- it contains 2 sets of chromosomes
- 46 chromosomes in pairs
What is a haploid nucleus? [2]
- it contains a single set of chromosomes
- 23 chromosommes NOT in pairs
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell contain? [1]
46
How many chromosomes does a haploid cell contain? [1]
23
Which type of cells are haploid? [1]
sex cells
What is a chromosome? [1]
long length of DNA
What is a gene? [1]
short length of DNA that codes for a protein
Where are genes found? [1]
on chromosomes
What does DNA contain? [1]
genetic information in the form of genes
What is an allele? [1]
an alternative form of a gene
How is the biological sex determined? [1]
By 1 pair of chromosomes
Specifically, which pair determines the biological sex? [1]
23rd pair
What is the probability of the child being a girl? [1]
50% or 1/2
What is the probability of the child being a boy? [1]
50% or 1/2
Does the father or mother determine the sex? [2]
- Father
- He can give X or Y but mother can only give X
What are the male sex cell chromosomes? [1]
XY
What are the female sex cell chromosomes? [1]
XX
Which chromosome is present in every egg cell? [1]
X
Is it the sperm or egg that determines the sex of the baby? [1]
sperm
Do sisters have the same X chromosomes? [2]
- No
- Mother could give different X’s
What is Mitosis? [2]
Nuclear division giving rise (producing) genetically identical cells
What does this cell division do all over the body? [4]
- replace worn out cells
- repair damaged tissues
- to grow
- asexual reproduction
As a result of mitosis, how many cells are produced? [1]
2
What are the two new cells formed from mitosis called? [1]
Daughter cells
How are daughter cells identical and who are they identical to? [3]
- Genetically identical
- To parent cells and other daughter cells
How many chromosomes do daughter cells always have? [1]
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
What are the stages of the cell cycle in mitosis? [3]
growth - DNA replication - mitosis
What is the type of cell division used for growth and repair called? [1]
Mitosis
When does the exact replication of chromosomes happen? [1]
Before mitosis
In mitosis, how do the chromosome numbers in each daughter cell keep maintained? [1]
The copies of chromosomes seperate
How do genes give us our characterisitics? [1]
By making different proteins
What is meiosis? [3]
Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells
What is the acronym used for meiosis? [7]
Makes
Eggs
In
Ovaries,
Sperm
In
Sacs
What is meiosis used for? [1]
The production of gametes
Where does mitosis occur? [1]
body
Where does meiosis occur? [2]
sperm & egg
How many divisions does mitosis have? [1]
1
How many divisions does meiosis have? [1]
2
What type of cell is mitosis? [1]
diploid
What type of cell is meiosis? [1]
haploid
How many chromosomes in mitosis? [1]
46
How many chromosomes in meiosis? [1]
23
How many cells are produced from mitosis? [1]
2
How many cells are produced from meiosis? [1]
4
What is the function of mitosis? [4]
- growth
- repair
- replace
- asexual reproduction
What is the function of meiosis? [1]
produces sex cells
What is fertilisation? [2]
the joining of male and female gametes to produce a new individual
What is a zygote? [2]
diploid cell resulting from the fusion of an egg and sperm
What is inheritance? [2]
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.
What is genotype? [2]
The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present.
What is phenotype? [2]
The observable features of an organism.
What is homozygous? [2]
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene.
What is pure-breeding? [2]
When two identical homozygous individuals breed together.
What is heterozygous? [2]
Having two different alleles of a particular gene.
What type of individual will not be pure-breeding? [1]
Heterozygous
What is a dominant allele? [2]
An allele that is expressed if it is present in the genotype.
What is a recessive allele? [3]
An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present in the genotype.
