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Biology > B16 - Inheritance > Flashcards

B16 - Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

What is a diploid nucleus? [2]

A
  • it contains 2 sets of chromosomes
  • 46 chromosomes in pairs
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2
Q

What is a haploid nucleus? [2]

A
  • it contains a single set of chromosomes
  • 23 chromosommes NOT in pairs
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3
Q

How many chromosomes does a diploid cell contain? [1]

A

46

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4
Q

How many chromosomes does a haploid cell contain? [1]

A

23

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5
Q

Which type of cells are haploid? [1]

A

sex cells

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6
Q

What is a chromosome? [1]

A

long length of DNA

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7
Q

What is a gene? [1]

A

short length of DNA that codes for a protein

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8
Q

Where are genes found? [1]

A

on chromosomes

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9
Q

What does DNA contain? [1]

A

genetic information in the form of genes

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10
Q

What is an allele? [1]

A

an alternative form of a gene

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11
Q

How is the biological sex determined? [1]

A

By 1 pair of chromosomes

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12
Q

Specifically, which pair determines the biological sex? [1]

A

23rd pair

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13
Q

What is the probability of the child being a girl? [1]

A

50% or 1/2

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14
Q

What is the probability of the child being a boy? [1]

A

50% or 1/2

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15
Q

Does the father or mother determine the sex? [2]

A
  • Father
  • He can give X or Y but mother can only give X
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16
Q

What are the male sex cell chromosomes? [1]

A

XY

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17
Q

What are the female sex cell chromosomes? [1]

A

XX

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18
Q

Which chromosome is present in every egg cell? [1]

A

X

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19
Q

Is it the sperm or egg that determines the sex of the baby? [1]

A

sperm

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20
Q

Do sisters have the same X chromosomes? [2]

A
  • No
  • Mother could give different X’s
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21
Q

What is Mitosis? [2]

A

Nuclear division giving rise (producing) genetically identical cells

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22
Q

What does this cell division do all over the body? [4]

A
  • replace worn out cells
  • repair damaged tissues
  • to grow
  • asexual reproduction
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23
Q

As a result of mitosis, how many cells are produced? [1]

24
Q

What are the two new cells formed from mitosis called? [1]

A

Daughter cells

25
How are daughter cells identical and who are they identical to? [3]
- Genetically identical - To parent cells and other daughter cells
26
How many chromosomes do daughter cells always have? [1]
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
27
What are the stages of the cell cycle in mitosis? [3]
growth - DNA replication - mitosis
28
What is the type of cell division used for growth and repair called? [1]
Mitosis
29
When does the exact replication of chromosomes happen? [1]
Before mitosis
30
In mitosis, how do the chromosome numbers in each daughter cell keep maintained? [1]
The copies of chromosomes seperate
31
How do genes give us our characterisitics? [1]
By making different proteins
32
What is meiosis? [3]
Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells
33
What is the acronym used for meiosis? [7]
Makes Eggs In Ovaries, Sperm In Sacs
34
What is meiosis used for? [1]
The production of gametes
35
Where does mitosis occur? [1]
body
36
Where does meiosis occur? [2]
sperm & egg
37
How many divisions does mitosis have? [1]
1
38
How many divisions does meiosis have? [1]
2
39
What type of cell is mitosis? [1]
diploid
40
What type of cell is meiosis? [1]
haploid
41
How many chromosomes in mitosis? [1]
46
42
How many chromosomes in meiosis? [1]
23
43
How many cells are produced from mitosis? [1]
2
44
How many cells are produced from meiosis? [1]
4
45
What is the function of mitosis? [4]
- growth - repair - replace - asexual reproduction
46
What is the function of meiosis? [1]
produces sex cells
47
What is fertilisation? [2]
the joining of male and female gametes to produce a new individual
48
What is a zygote? [2]
diploid cell resulting from the fusion of an egg and sperm
49
What is inheritance? [2]
The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.
50
What is genotype? [2]
The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present.
51
What is phenotype? [2]
The observable features of an organism.
52
What is homozygous? [2]
Having two identical alleles of a particular gene.
53
What is pure-breeding? [2]
When two identical homozygous individuals breed together.
54
What is heterozygous? [2]
Having two different alleles of a particular gene.
55
What type of individual will not be pure-breeding? [1]
Heterozygous
56
What is a dominant allele? [2]
An allele that is expressed if it is present in the genotype.
57
What is a recessive allele? [3]
An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present in the genotype.

Biology (26 decks)

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