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Biology > B16 - Inheritance > Flashcards

B16 - Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a diploid nucleus? [2]

A
  • it contains 2 sets of chromosomes
  • 46 chromosomes in pairs
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2
Q

What is a haploid nucleus? [2]

A
  • it contains a single set of chromosomes
  • 23 chromosommes NOT in pairs
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3
Q

How many chromosomes does a diploid cell contain? [1]

A

46

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4
Q

How many chromosomes does a haploid cell contain? [1]

A

23

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5
Q

Which type of cells are haploid? [1]

A

sex cells

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6
Q

What is a chromosome? [1]

A

long length of DNA

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7
Q

What is a gene? [1]

A

short length of DNA that codes for a protein

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8
Q

Where are genes found? [1]

A

on chromosomes

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9
Q

What does DNA contain? [1]

A

genetic information in the form of genes

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10
Q

What is an allele? [1]

A

an alternative form of a gene

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11
Q

How is the biological sex determined? [1]

A

By 1 pair of chromosomes

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12
Q

Specifically, which pair determines the biological sex? [1]

A

23rd pair

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13
Q

What is the probability of the child being a girl? [1]

A

50% or 1/2

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14
Q

What is the probability of the child being a boy? [1]

A

50% or 1/2

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15
Q

Does the father or mother determine the sex? [2]

A
  • Father
  • He can give X or Y but mother can only give X
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16
Q

What are the male sex cell chromosomes? [1]

A

XY

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17
Q

What are the female sex cell chromosomes? [1]

A

XX

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18
Q

Which chromosome is present in every egg cell? [1]

A

X

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19
Q

Is it the sperm or egg that determines the sex of the baby? [1]

A

sperm

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20
Q

Do sisters have the same X chromosomes? [2]

A
  • No
  • Mother could give different X’s
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21
Q

What is Mitosis? [2]

A

Nuclear division giving rise (producing) genetically identical cells

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22
Q

What does this cell division do all over the body? [4]

A
  • replace worn out cells
  • repair damaged tissues
  • to grow
  • asexual reproduction
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23
Q

As a result of mitosis, how many cells are produced? [1]

A

2

24
Q

What are the two new cells formed from mitosis called? [1]

A

Daughter cells

25
Q

How are daughter cells identical and who are they identical to? [3]

A
  • Genetically identical
  • To parent cells and other daughter cells
26
Q

How many chromosomes do daughter cells always have? [1]

A

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

27
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle in mitosis? [3]

A

growth - DNA replication - mitosis

28
Q

What is the type of cell division used for growth and repair called? [1]

A

Mitosis

29
Q

When does the exact replication of chromosomes happen? [1]

A

Before mitosis

30
Q

In mitosis, how do the chromosome numbers in each daughter cell keep maintained? [1]

A

The copies of chromosomes seperate

31
Q

How do genes give us our characterisitics? [1]

A

By making different proteins

32
Q

What is meiosis? [3]

A

Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

33
Q

What is the acronym used for meiosis? [7]

A

Makes
Eggs
In
Ovaries,
Sperm
In
Sacs

34
Q

What is meiosis used for? [1]

A

The production of gametes

35
Q

Where does mitosis occur? [1]

A

body

36
Q

Where does meiosis occur? [2]

A

sperm & egg

37
Q

How many divisions does mitosis have? [1]

A

1

38
Q

How many divisions does meiosis have? [1]

A

2

39
Q

What type of cell is mitosis? [1]

A

diploid

40
Q

What type of cell is meiosis? [1]

A

haploid

41
Q

How many chromosomes in mitosis? [1]

A

46

42
Q

How many chromosomes in meiosis? [1]

A

23

43
Q

How many cells are produced from mitosis? [1]

A

2

44
Q

How many cells are produced from meiosis? [1]

A

4

45
Q

What is the function of mitosis? [4]

A
  • growth
  • repair
  • replace
  • asexual reproduction
46
Q

What is the function of meiosis? [1]

A

produces sex cells

47
Q

What is fertilisation? [3]

A

the joining of male and female gametes to produce a new individual

48
Q

What is a zygote? [2]

A

diploid cell resulting from the fusion of an egg and sperm

49
Q

What is inheritance? [2]

A

The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.

50
Q

What is genotype? [2]

A

The genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present.

51
Q

What is phenotype? [2]

A

The observable features of an organism.

52
Q

What is homozygous? [2]

A

Having two identical alleles of a particular gene.

53
Q

What is pure-breeding? [2]

A

When two identical homozygous individuals breed together.

54
Q

What is heterozygous? [2]

A

Having two different alleles of a particular gene.

55
Q

What type of individual will not be pure-breeding? [1]

A

Heterozygous

56
Q

What is a dominant allele? [2]

A

An allele that is expressed if it is present in the genotype.

57
Q

What is a recessive allele? [3]

A

An allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present in the genotype.

Biology (20 decks)

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