B15.1 & 15.2 - Asexual and Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
What is Asexual reproduction? [2]
- a process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring
- from one parent
Whare are examples of things that do Asexual reproduction? [3]
- bacteria
- potatoes
- starfish
What does Asexual reproduction not require? [1]
gametes (sex cells)
What does Asexual reproduction produce? [1]
clones of the parent
How many parents are needed for Asexual reproduction? [1]
1
What are some advantages of Asexual reproduction? [5]
- quicker process
- only 1 parent needed
- colonise new areas quickly
- if parent is well adapted to the environment, so will the offspring
- less energy required
What are some disadvantages of Asexual reproduction? [6]
- produces clones as offspring
- if environment changes = all individuals in danger of being wiped out
- species may become extinct
- little/no variation
- negative traits passed on
- less chance of evolving
What is sexual reproduction? [3]
- a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes
- to form a zygote
- and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other
What is a species? [2]
- a group of organisms
- that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
What is the nuclei of gametes like? [2]
- haploid
- contains 23 chromosomes
What is the nucleus of a zygote? [2]
- diploid
- contains 46 chromosomes = 23 pairs
What are some advantages of Sexual reproduction? [3]
- some individuals will be well adapted if the environment changes and so will survive to reproduce
- less chance of species becoming extinct
- produces genetic variation
What are some disadvantages of Sexual reproduction? [6]
- 2 parents are needed
- takes longer
- offspring may not be as well adapted to the environment
- requires more energy
- many eggs are wasteful
- fetilisation may not happen
Which process is faster? [1]
Asexual reproduction
What process is less energy efficient? [1]
Sexual reproduction
Which process produces genetically identical offspring? [1]
Asexual reproduction
Which process produces genetically different offspring? [1]
Sexual reproduction
How many parents are needed in Sexual reproduction? [1]
2
What is required in Sexual reproduction? [1]
gametes
What is the male sex cell and where is it produced? [2]
- sperm
- testes
What is the female sex cell and where is it produced? [2]
- egg cells
- ovaries
What is the 1st cell called after a sperm and egg fuse together? [1]
zygote
Which sort of cell divison will the 1st cell use to grow into an embryo and then into a foetus? [1]
mitosis
Why does Sexual reproduction produce genetically different offspring? [2]
- each individual has a mixture of its parents’ genetic material
- every sperm and egg are genetically unique
What is a genome? [1]
the entire genetic material of an organism
