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Biology > B18 - Organisms & their environment > Flashcards

B18 - Organisms & their environment Flashcards

1
Q

What are consumers? [1]

A

An organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms.

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2
Q

What is a trophic level? [1]

A

The position of an organism in a food chain and food web.

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3
Q

What are decomposers? [2]

A

Organisms that break down organic substances outside their bodies, releasing nutrients from them that other organisms can use.

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4
Q

What are producers? [1]

A

An organism that makes its own organic nutrients, generally using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis.

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5
Q

What is a herbivore? [1]

A

An animal that gets its energy by eating plants.

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6
Q

What is a carnivore? [1]

A

An animal that gets its energy by eating other animals.

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7
Q

What is an omnivore? [1]

A

An animal that gets its energy by eating both animals and plants.

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8
Q

What is a primary consumer? [2]

A
  • Herbivores
  • They eat or consume the producers.
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9
Q

What is a secondary consumer? [2]

A
  • Carnivores
  • These consume the primary consumers.
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10
Q

What is a tertiary consumer? [3]

A
  • These eat the secondary consumers (carnivores).
  • These are hunters that hunt, catch, kill their prey for food
  • Top of the food chain as they are not normally killed by other animals.
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11
Q

What is a quaternary consumer? [1]

A
  • They feed on tertiary consumers.
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12
Q

Where does all the energy in a food chain originally come from? [1]

A

The Sun

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13
Q

What ALWAYS starts the food chain? [1]

A

Plants = the producer

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14
Q

What do organisms tend to do? [2]

A
  • Increase in size
  • Decrease in number
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15
Q

How do humans impact food chains? [2]

A
  1. Overharvesting food species e.g. overgrazing of grass
  2. Introducing foreign species to habitat e.g. cane toad in Australia.
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16
Q

What are the effects of overharvesting food species? [3]

A
  • Decrease in biodiversity
  • Risk of extinction of a species
  • Disrupts natural food chain of habitat
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17
Q

What are the effects of introducing foreign species to habitat? [3]

A
  • Disrupts natural food chain
  • Loss of habitat as foreign species take over
  • No natural predators to control population of species
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18
Q

What does the law of conservation of energy state? [2]

A
  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed
  • It can only be changed from one form to another
19
Q

What does a food chain show? [1]

A

The transfer of energy from one organism to another

20
Q

In what form does energy enter the food chain? [1]

A

Light energy

21
Q

What process converts light energy into chemical energy?

A

Photosynthesis

22
Q

In what form is energy passed along the food chain? [1]

A

Chemical energy

23
Q

In what form is energy released from the food chain? [1]

A

Heat energy

24
Q

Only about what percentage of energy is passed on to the next trophic level? [1]

A

10%

25
Q

How is energy lost from the food chain? [3]

A
  • Heat from respiration
  • Uneaten parts e.g. bones, teeth
  • Egestion & excretion
26
Q

Why are there usually no more than 5 trophic levels in a food chain? [2]

A
  • Energy is lost at each trophic level
  • So there is not enough left to support organisms at higher levels
27
Q

Why is it more efficient for humans to be vegetarian? [2]

A
  • Plants are lower down the food chain and so less energy has been lost
  • More efficient to eat plants than animals
28
Q

What is decomposition / decay? [1]

A

Break down of organic matter.

29
Q

What is organic matter? [1]

A

Dead organisms or waste material from living things e.g. faeces, urine

30
Q

What is a decomposer? [1]

A

Organisms that break down dead organic material.

31
Q

What types of organisms are decomposers? [2]

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
32
Q

What do decomposers do? [3]

A
  • They get energy from dead organisms and their waste
  • Breakdown this organic matter to feed on it - causes decay
  • Provides energy & nutrients for the decomposers
33
Q

How do decomposers benefit the ecosystem? [1]

A

Surplus is released back into the soil to be taken out by plants.

34
Q

What are the 7 processes involved in moving carbon? [7]

A
  1. Death
  2. Burning
  3. Respiration
  4. Feeding
  5. Photosynthesis
  6. Decay
  7. Burial and Sedimentation
35
Q

What is the release of energy from fossil fuels called? [1]

A

Burning

36
Q

What is the release of energy in living cells which produce carbon dioxide called? [1]

A

Respiration

37
Q

What is consumers taking in food called? [1]

A

Feeding

38
Q

What is the process by which a green plant makes its own food called? [1]

A

Photosynthesis

39
Q

What is the rotting down of dead organisms called? [1]

A

Decay

40
Q

What is the formation of fossils called? [1]

A

Burial and Sedimentation

41
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis? [2]

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water —-> Glucose + Oxygen

42
Q

What is the word equation for respiration? [2]

A

Glucose + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water

43
Q

What is the word equation for combustion? [2]

A

Hydrocarbon fuel (fossil fuel) + Oxygen —-> Carbon Dioxide + Water

44
Q

What causes decay? [1]

A

Bacteria and fungi breaking down dead material and animal waste

Biology (13 decks)

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