B8-025 Histology/Physiology of the Ovaries Flashcards
follicles and the corpora lutea are found in the […] of the ovary
cortex
most ovarian cancers originate in what tissue layer of the ovary?
surface epithelium
non-growing/resting pool oocytes made up of squamous granulosa cells
primordial follicle
squamous granulosa cells become more cuboidal
zona pellucida forms
5x increase in size
primary follicle
(can either ovulate or atresia)
sperm binding receptor that facilitates the acrosome reaction and prevents polyspermy
zona pellucida
transzonal interaction between the granulosa cells and the occytes occurs via […] junctions
adherens-type
multiple layers of granulosa cells
basement membrane
granulosa secretes angiogenic factors
theca cells express LH receptors
granulosa cells express FSH receptors
preantral follicles
(now we have two-cell hypothesis)
fluid pocket “antrum” forms
estradiol production increases
antral follicle
antrum increases in size
corona radiata forms
very large
graafian follicle
theca […] makes androgens used by granulosa to make estrogen
theca interna
label the structure
a. antrum
b. granulosa layer
c. theca interna
d. theca externa
the basement membrane that separates the granulosa from the theca interna acts similarly to the
BBB
the granulosa cells produce [2]
estrogen
inhibin
the theca interna produces
androgens
what part of the hypothalamus responds to elevated estrogen to produce the LH surge?
AVPV
cumulus expansion
proteases
“sticky” protein granulosa cells
ovulation
(sticky layer helps fallopian tubes grab oocyte)
what happens to aromatase activity in the granulosa cell during ovulation?
aromatase activity decreases
production switched from estradiol to progesterone
what is this depicting?
corpus luteum formation
(light: granulosa, dark: theca; follicle bascially involuted on itself)
what is this depicting?
corpus albicans (remnant of corpus luteum)
takes several cycles to be broken down
degeneration/death of follicle and oocyte
atresia
to form the gonads, primary germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the
gonadal ridge
number of oocytes is established during development of ovary. Initially they are organize in […], then undergo […]
nests
apoptosis
(results in primordial follicles; can impact reproductive potential)
peak oocyte numbers occur during
fetal development
primordial follicle entry into the growing pool is extrinsically regulated by
AMH
(puts the breaks on; anything that disrupts AMH will allow increased number of primordial follicles)
the preantral growth phase of folliculogenesis is gonadotropin […]
independent
(several months long)
the tonic growth phase of folliculogenesis is gonadotropin […]
responsive
(2 months long)
the exponential growth phase of folliculogenesis is gonadotropin […]
dependent
(21 days long)
how long does it take for a primordial follicle to progress to an ovulatory follice?
several months
expected levels of LH, FSH, and estrogen during menopause
FSH high
LH high
E2 low
what is the arrow pointing to?
corpus luteum
develops from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation
corpus luteum
produces progesterone that promotes the secretory phase of the uterine endometrium
corpus luteum
label the diagram
a. ovarian cortex
b. and c. corpora albicans
d. large follicle
e. corpus luteum
what hormone is responsible for change in basal temperature during the luteal phase
progesterone
hCG is produced by what cell type
syncytiotrophoblasts
hCG is most similar to what hormone?
LH (bind same plasma membrane receptor)
multiple cystic follicles present in the cortex
PCOS
