B8-025 Histology/Physiology of the Ovaries

Question 1

follicles and the corpora lutea are found in the […] of the ovary

Answer 1

cortex

Question 2

most ovarian cancers originate in what tissue layer of the ovary?

Answer 2

surface epithelium

Question 3

non-growing/resting pool oocytes made up of squamous granulosa cells

Answer 3

primordial follicle

Question 4

squamous granulosa cells become more cuboidal
zona pellucida forms
5x increase in size

Answer 4

primary follicle

(can either ovulate or atresia)

Question 5

sperm binding receptor that facilitates the acrosome reaction and prevents polyspermy

Answer 5

zona pellucida

Question 6

transzonal interaction between the granulosa cells and the occytes occurs via […] junctions

Answer 6

adherens-type

Question 7

multiple layers of granulosa cells
basement membrane
granulosa secretes angiogenic factors
theca cells express LH receptors
granulosa cells express FSH receptors

Answer 7

preantral follicles

(now we have two-cell hypothesis)

Question 8

fluid pocket “antrum” forms
estradiol production increases

Answer 8

antral follicle

Question 9

antrum increases in size
corona radiata forms
very large

Answer 9

graafian follicle

Question 10

theca […] makes androgens used by granulosa to make estrogen

Answer 10

theca interna

Question 11

label the structure

Answer 11

a. antrum
b. granulosa layer
c. theca interna
d. theca externa

Question 12

the basement membrane that separates the granulosa from the theca interna acts similarly to the

Answer 12

BBB

Question 13

the granulosa cells produce [2]

Answer 13

estrogen
inhibin

Question 14

the theca interna produces

Answer 14

androgens

Question 15

what part of the hypothalamus responds to elevated estrogen to produce the LH surge?

Answer 15

AVPV

Question 16

cumulus expansion
proteases
“sticky” protein granulosa cells

Answer 16

ovulation

(sticky layer helps fallopian tubes grab oocyte)

Question 17

what happens to aromatase activity in the granulosa cell during ovulation?

Answer 17

aromatase activity decreases
production switched from estradiol to progesterone

Question 18

what is this depicting?

Answer 18

corpus luteum formation

(light: granulosa, dark: theca; follicle bascially involuted on itself)

Question 19

what is this depicting?

Answer 19

corpus albicans (remnant of corpus luteum)

takes several cycles to be broken down

Question 20

degeneration/death of follicle and oocyte

Answer 20

atresia

Question 21

to form the gonads, primary germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the

Answer 21

gonadal ridge

Question 22

number of oocytes is established during development of ovary. Initially they are organize in […], then undergo […]

Answer 22

nests
apoptosis

(results in primordial follicles; can impact reproductive potential)

Question 23

peak oocyte numbers occur during

Answer 23

fetal development

Question 24

primordial follicle entry into the growing pool is extrinsically regulated by

Answer 24

AMH

(puts the breaks on; anything that disrupts AMH will allow increased number of primordial follicles)

Question 25

the preantral growth phase of folliculogenesis is gonadotropin […]

Answer 25

independent

(several months long)

Question 26

the tonic growth phase of folliculogenesis is gonadotropin […]

Answer 26

responsive

(2 months long)

Question 27

the exponential growth phase of folliculogenesis is gonadotropin […]

Answer 27

dependent

(21 days long)

Question 28

how long does it take for a primordial follicle to progress to an ovulatory follice?

Answer 28

several months

Question 29

expected levels of LH, FSH, and estrogen during menopause

Answer 29

FSH high
LH high
E2 low

Question 30

what is the arrow pointing to?

Answer 30

corpus luteum

Question 31

develops from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation

Answer 31

corpus luteum

Question 32

produces progesterone that promotes the secretory phase of the uterine endometrium

Answer 32

corpus luteum

Question 33

label the diagram

Answer 33

a. ovarian cortex
b. and c. corpora albicans
d. large follicle
e. corpus luteum

Question 34

what hormone is responsible for change in basal temperature during the luteal phase

Answer 34

progesterone

Question 35

hCG is produced by what cell type

Answer 35

syncytiotrophoblasts

Question 36

hCG is most similar to what hormone?

Answer 36

LH (bind same plasma membrane receptor)

Question 37

multiple cystic follicles present in the cortex

Answer 37

PCOS