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RDS Test 1 > B8-010 CBCL Male Infertility > Flashcards

B8-010 CBCL Male Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

contains enzymes that allow sperm to enter egg

A

acrosome

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2
Q

sperm maturation and storage occurs in the

A

epididymis

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3
Q

sperm transport and ejaculation occurs in the

A

vas deferens

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4
Q

adds secretions like proteins, sugars, and salts to the semen

A

seminal vesicle

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5
Q

last stages of sperm maturation occurring in the female genital tract

A

capacitation

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6
Q

if the semen analysis shows low volume, test for

A

obstructions
retrograde ejaculation

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7
Q

if the semen analysis shows no sperm, the next best test is

A

testicular biopsy

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8
Q

if the semen analysis shows abnormal morphology/function, the next best test is

A

hormonal tests

check for varicocele

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9
Q

if the semen analysis is normal, the next best test is

A

advanced sperm tests (viability, penetration assay)

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10
Q

low ejaculate volume

A

hypospermia

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11
Q

increased amorphous sperm

A

teratospermia

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12
Q

asthenozoospermia

A

low sperm motility

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13
Q

<15 M sperm/ejaculate

A

oligospermia

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14
Q

can measure total and different patterns of sperm motility in multiple spermatozoa simultaneously

A

CASA

(computer sperm analysis)

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15
Q

if the total testosterone is low on initial testing…

A

repeat total and free T

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16
Q

exogenous […] is a powerful male contraceptive

A

testosterone

(converted to estradiol via aromatase, estradiol inhibits GnRH)

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17
Q

[…] leads to poor development of the vas deferens and obstructive infertility

A

cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

images prostate, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens to rule out obstructive infertility

A

transrectal US

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19
Q

imaging modality for varicocele, epididymal abnormalities, undescended testis

A

scrotal US

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20
Q

presence indicates autoimmune infertility

A

anti-sperm antibodies

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21
Q

when absent, indicates seminal vesicle issues or duct obstruction

A

seminal fructose

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22
Q

dyes used to determine live/dead sperm

used when sperm mobility is less than 5%

A

sperm viability testing

23
Q

TUNEL assay for DNA fragmentation

A

sperm DNA testing

24
Q

hemizona assay

measures binding to isolated zona pellucida and then compared to normal

A

sperm-zona binding study

25
Q

measures sperm penetration in hamster oocytes freed of zona pellucida

A

sperm penetration testing

26
Q

XXY

A

klinefelter’s syndrome

27
Q

genetic cause of infertility due to blockage/absence of vas deferens

A

cystic fibrosis

28
Q

genetic cause of infertility due to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

A

Kallman syndrome

29
Q

genetic cause of infertility due to dysfunctional cilia/flagellum

A

kartagener’s syndrome

30
Q

infections commonly causing infertility [3]

A

orquitus
epididymitis
STIs

31
Q

one of the most common causes of male infertility

A

varicocele

32
Q

dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins (pampiniform plexus) that drains the testis

A

varicocele

33
Q

most common symptom of varicocele is

A

infertility

34
Q

[what grade varicocele]
subclinical, non-palpable
only visualized on doppler

A

grade 0

35
Q

[what grade varicocele]
palpable only during valsalva maneuver

A

grade 1

36
Q

[what grade varicocele]
easily palpable in standing position, but not visible

A

grade 2

37
Q

[what grade varicocele]
easily palpable and visbile

A

grade 3

38
Q

semen analysis of a patient with varicocele will show:

A

normal volume
oligospermia
teratospermia
asthenoospermia

39
Q

FSH, LH, and testosterone levels of a patient with varicocele will show:

A

all normal

no issue with HPG axis

40
Q

provides immediate symptom relief of varicocele

A

percutaneous drainage

41
Q

most definitive treatment for varicocele

A

varicocelectomy

(ligation of spermatic veins with preservation of lymphatics)

42
Q

when are semen parameters expected to return to normal following varicocelectomy?

A

3 months

(time for spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis)

43
Q

most common complication of varicocelectomy

A

hydrocele due to lack of drainage

44
Q

treatment for obstructive causes of male infertility

A

surgery

45
Q

treatment for male infertility due to absence of ductal system

A

sperm retrieval from testis or epididymis –> IVF, ICSI

46
Q

treatment for male infertility due to low sperm quality but good numbers, female cervix factor

A

IUI

47
Q

infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after […] of unprotected intercourse

A

one year

48
Q

lack of semen

A

aspermia

49
Q

oligospermia and asthenoospermia would be consistent with what cause of infertility?

A

varicocele

50
Q

azoospermia and low fructose would be consistent with what cause of infertility?

A

obstruction of male genital tract

51
Q

most probably cause of infertility due to varicocele

A

issues with spermatogenesis due to increase in temperature, pressure, and hypoxia of testes

52
Q

lymphatics are [ligated/preserved] in varicocelectomy

A

preserved

53
Q

spermatic veins are [ligated/preserved] in varicocelectomy

A

ligated

54
Q

65% of the cases of male infertility are […]

A

idiopathic

RDS Test 1 (23 decks)

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