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RDS Test 1 > B8-013 Histology/Immunology of Pregnancy > Flashcards

B8-013 Histology/Immunology of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

a benign form of gestational trophoblast disease

nonviable fertilized ovum implants and develops a placenta-derived tumor

A

hydatidiform mole

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2
Q

“snowstorm” on ultrasound

“clusters of grapes”

A

hydatidiform mole

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3
Q

is a complete or partial hydatidiform mole more likely to progress to cancer?

A

complete

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4
Q

usually results from duplication of the haploid genome of a single sperm
or
fertilization by 2 sperm occurring in an ovum that has lost maternal chromosomes

A

complete hydatidiform mole

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5
Q

most commonly enucleated egg + single sperm that duplicates its DNA

A

complete hydatidiform mole

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6
Q

usually results from fertilization of an apparently normal ovum by 2 sperm

A

partial hydatidiform mole

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7
Q

is a complete or partial hydatidiform mole associated with a uterus larger than normal for gestational age?

A

complete

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8
Q

is a complete or partial hydatidiform mole associated with extremely elevated hCG?

A

complete

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9
Q

[complete or partial mole]
46 XX or 46 XY

A

complete

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10
Q

[complete or partial mole]
69XXX, 69 XXY, 69 XYY

A

partial

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11
Q

[complete or partial mole]
2 sperm + 1 normal egg

A

partial

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12
Q

attachment of placenta over internal cervical os

A

placenta previa

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13
Q

presents with painless vaginal bleeding in third trimester

A

placenta previa

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14
Q

risk factors for abnormal positioning of the placenta [2]

A

prior endometrial damage
uterine scarring

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15
Q

edge of placenta is less than 2 cm from internal os

A

low lying placenta

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16
Q

edge of placenta is more than 2 cm from the internal os

A

normal

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17
Q

can a patient have a vaginal delivery with a placenta previa?

A

no

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18
Q

can a patient have a vaginal delivery with a low lying placenta?

A

yes typically

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19
Q

placenta attaches too strongly or invades too deeply into the wall of the uterus

A

invasive placenta

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20
Q

placenta attaches too strongly to the muscular layer of the uterine wall, but does not invade

A

placenta acreta

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21
Q

placenta invades into myometrium

A

placenta increta

22
Q

placenta invades through the full thickness of the uterine wall and can attach to adjacent organs in the abdomen

A

placenta percreta

23
Q

presents with difficulty separating placenta from uterus after fetal delivery
severe postpartum hemorrhage on attempted removal

A

invasive placenta spectrum

24
Q

first immunologic phase is a […] state

A

pro-inflammatory

(vascular remodeling, cellular invasion, tissue repair: contributes to morning sickness)

25
Q

second immunologic phase is a […] state

A

anti-inflammatory

(rapid fetal growth and development)

26
Q

third immunologic phase is a […] state

A

inflammatory

(immune cells move into myometrium, uterine contractions, delivery)

27
Q

[…] cells are characterized with poor cytotoxic function in a healthy pregnancy

A

uterine NKs

tamps down immune response to “non-self” tissue

28
Q

markers of uNKs

A

CD56
CD16

29
Q

characterized by deficient remodeling of the spiral arteries

A

preeclampsia

30
Q

cells that remove dying trophoblast

play a key role in preventing release of paternal antigens, limiting maternal immune response

A

macrophages

31
Q

[…] cells maintain self tolerance

A

T-regulatory cells

32
Q

pro-inflammatory T cells that protect from microbes

A

Th 17

33
Q

infection can impact the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cell types causing […] in the first trimester, or […] in the third trimester

A

infection can impact the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cell types causing [miscarriage] in the first trimester, or [preterm labor] in the third trimester

34
Q

recurrent pregnancy loss is […] or more consecutive, spontaneous pregnancy losses

A

3

35
Q

treatment for anti-phospholipid syndrome

A

lovenox
low dose aspirin

36
Q

laboratory findings of lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, anti-B2 glycoprotein 1

A

anti-phospholipid syndrome

37
Q

patients with pre-existing […] tend to have worse symptoms during pregnancy and are at a high risk of preeclampsia

A

lupus

38
Q

previous […] is a risk factor for placenta previa

A

cesarean delivery

(and AMA)

39
Q

painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester

A

placenta previa

40
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with repeat

A

miscarriages

41
Q

vaginal bleeding, back pain, contractions

A

placental abruption

42
Q

maintains luteal progesterone production until placental progesterone production is initiated

A

hCG

43
Q

elevated bp in late pregnancy
proteinuria
headache

A

preeclampsia

44
Q

excessive […] cell invasion causes placenta accreta

A

trophoblast

45
Q

usually asymptomatic
if not found early in pregnancy via US, it is found at delivery

A

placenta accreta

46
Q

elevated hCG
no fetal tissue
vaginal bleeding

A

molar pregnancy

47
Q

placenta with grape-like cystic structures

A

molar pregnancy

48
Q

excessive trophoblast invasion through the uterine wall

A

placenta percreta

49
Q

in IVF, the blastocyst must be transplanted back to the uterus during a receptive window of the […] phase

A

secretory

50
Q

spiral arteries are remodeled by […] after implantation

A

trophoblasts

51
Q

implantation occurs during the […] phase

A

secretory

52
Q

peak estradiol secretion occurs during the […] phase

A

proliferative

RDS Test 1 (23 decks)

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