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RDS Test 1 > B8-005 Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

B8-005 Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

best way to differentiate male vs female bony pelvis

A

angle of pelvic arch
male: narrow (peace sign)
female: wider (thumb and index)

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2
Q

ligament of the SI joint that helps in transferring weight and keeps the sacrum and ilium snug together

A

interosseous sacro-iliac ligament

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3
Q

fibrocartilage disc joining the pelvic ring

A

pubic symphysis

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4
Q

anterior inferior wall of the pelvic cavity [2]

A

pubic bones
pubic symphysis

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5
Q

lateral wall of the pelvic cavity [2]

A

obturator foramen
obturator internus and fascia

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6
Q

posterior wall of the pelvic cavity [3]

A

sacrum
piriformis
sacral plexus (S1-2)

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7
Q

muscles making up the pelvic floor (diaphragm) [2]

A

coccygeus
levator ani

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8
Q

3 muscles that make up levator ani

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

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9
Q

major support for pelvic viscera

A

pelvic floor- always contracted

(weakness causes organ prolapse)

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10
Q

muscle of pelvic floor that helps maintain fecal continence

A

puborectalis

(sling between rectum and anus)

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11
Q

the […] of levator ani provides major support for abdominal organs

A

tendinous arch

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12
Q

the […] muscle of the bladder is under autonomic control

A

detrusor

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13
Q

in males, the […] is directly inferior to the bladder

A

prostate

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14
Q

if the bladder ruptures superiorly, where will the fluid go?

A

into abdominal cavity —> rectovesical pouch

(or recto-uterine pouch in females)

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15
Q

if the bladder ruptures inferiorly, where will the fluid go?

A

into the perineum

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16
Q

the [male/female] external urethral sphincter is more like a tube/trough that extends vertical to the trunk of the bladder

A

male

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17
Q

the [male/female] external urethral sphincter has 3 sections

A

female

external urethral sphincter
compressor urethrae
urethrovaginal sphincter

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18
Q

what spinal level is the rectosigmoid junction located at?

A

S3

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19
Q

where are feces stored?

A

rectal ampulla

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20
Q

above the pectinate line, the rectum was formed from what germinal layer?

A

endoderm

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21
Q

below the pectinate line, the rectum was formed from what germinal layer?

A

ectoderm

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22
Q

where does blood supply to the rectum stem from above the pectinate line?

A

IMA via superior rectal a.

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23
Q

where does blood supply to the rectum stem from below the pectinate line?

A

internal pudendal via inferior rectal a.

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24
Q

where do the lymphatics drain to from the rectum above the pectinate line?

A

internal iliac nodes

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25
Q

where do the lymphatics drain to from the rectum below the pectinate line?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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26
Q

nerve supply above the pectinate line of the rectum is [autonomic/somatic]

A

autonomic

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27
Q

nerve supply below the pectinate line of the rectum is [somatic/autonomic]

A

somatic (pudendal n.)

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28
Q

internal anal sphincter is under […] control

A

autonomic

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29
Q

external anal sphincter is under […] control

A

voluntary (via inferior rectal n.)

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30
Q

what structure is located between the fascia of the obturator internus and muscle?

A

pudendal canal (contains pudendal nerve, inferior rectal arteries and veins)

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31
Q

main muscles of the pelvic floor torn during labor and delivery [2]

A

pubococcygeus
puborectalis

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32
Q

bladder protruding into anterior wall of the vagina

A

cystocele

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33
Q

what structures of the pelvic floor lead to a cystocele when damaged? [4]

A

levator ani
tendinous arch
uterosacral ligament
cardinal ligament

(in order of most likely to be damaged)

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34
Q

rectum herniates into posterior vaginal wall

A

rectocele

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35
Q

what structures of the pelvic floor lead to a rectocele when damaged? [3]

A

perineal body (central tendon)
perineal membrane
transverse perineal muscles

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36
Q

intestinal contents pushing into vaginal wall

A

enterocele

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37
Q

what structures of the pelvic floor lead to a enterocele when damaged? [1]

A

levator ani

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38
Q

structures contained in the anal triangle of the perineum [3]

A

ischioanal fossa
pudendal canal
anal canal

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39
Q

structures contained in the urogenital triangle of the perineum [3]

A

urethra
vagina (female)
spaces

40
Q

important structures contained in the ischioanal fossa

A

pudendal canal –> inferior rectal arteries

large amount of adipose (allows for large abscess formation)

41
Q

superficial pouch lies between what two structures?

A

perineal membrane
superficial perineal fascia (Colles fascia)

42
Q

fascia that is continuous with the fascia of the penis, darto’s, and scarpa’s fascia

A

Colles

43
Q

deep pouch lies between what three structures?

A

levator ani
obturator internus
perineal membrane

44
Q

the dorsal nerve/arteries of the clitoris/penis lie in which pouch?

A

deep

45
Q

the bulbo-urethral glands lie in which pouch?

A

deep

46
Q

the urethra lies in which pouch?

A

deep

47
Q

the external urethral sphincter lies in which pouch?

A

deep

48
Q

the anterior recess of the ischionanal fossa lies in which pouch?

A

deep

49
Q

the bulb of the penis/vestibule is covered with […] muscle

A

bulbospongiosus

50
Q

the crus of the penis/clitoris is covered with […] muscle

A

ischiocavernosus

51
Q

the perineal branches of internal pudendal travel through the […] pouch

A

superficial

52
Q

the transverse perineal muscles travel through the […] pouch

A

superficial

53
Q

the crus of the penis/clitoris travel through the […] pouch

A

superficial

54
Q

the bulb of the penis/vestibule travel through the […] pouch

A

superficial

55
Q

parts of the male urethra [4]

A

intramural
prostatic
intermediate (membranous)
spongy (penile)

56
Q

the two crura become the […] in the body of the penis

A

corpus cavernosa

57
Q

what artery runs in the corpus cavernosa of the penis?

A

deep artery

58
Q

corpus cavernosa is surrounded by

A

tunica albuginea

59
Q

the corpus spongiosum contains the […] urethra

A

spongy

60
Q

all three erectile bodies are covered by […] fascia

A

Buck’s

(deep fascia; continuous with colles)

61
Q

what vessels/nerves are located on the dorsal side of the penis?

A

superficial dorsal vein
Buck’s fascia
deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery, nerve

62
Q

fracture of the superior pelvic rami endangers what structure in men?

A

ductus deferens

63
Q

crosses the posterior pelvic brim at the ala of the sacrum

A

sympathetic chain

64
Q

contains the inferior rectal nerves

A

ischiorectal fossa

65
Q

part of the urethra located at the neck of the bladder and superior to the prostate

A

intramural

66
Q

part of the urethra that passes through the deep perineal pouch

A

membranous

67
Q

[male or female pelvis]
oval shaped inlet

A

female

68
Q

[male or female pelvis]
larger pubic angle

A

female

69
Q

[male or female pelvis]
shorter, wider sacrum

A

female

70
Q

[male or female pelvis]
wider, shallower cavity

A

female

71
Q

[male or female pelvis]
lesser pubic angle

A

male

72
Q

[male or female pelvis]
narrower, deeper cavity

A

male

73
Q

[male or female pelvis]
narrower, longer sacrum

A

male

74
Q

[male or female pelvis]
smaller pelvic outlet

A

male

75
Q

tearing of the pelvic floor during childbirth leads to partial paralysis of what muscle?

A

levator ani

76
Q

a third degree vaginal tear could damage what structure of the rectum?

A

external anal sphincter

77
Q

layers of spermatic cord and fascia derivatives

A

External spermatic fascia
(external oblique)
Cremasteric muscle/fascia
(internal oblique)
Internal spermatic fascia
(trasversalis fascia)

ICE tie

78
Q

inguinal canal contents

A

round ligament (female)
vas deferens (male)
ilioinguinal nerve
internal spermatic vessel

79
Q

hernia medial to inferior epigastric vessels

A

direct

MDs don’t LIe

80
Q

hernia lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

A

indirect

MDs dont LIe

81
Q

visceral innervation above the pectinate line comes from

A

lumbar splanchnics via inferior hypogastric plexus

82
Q

lymphatics above the pectinate line drain into the

A

internal iliac lymph nodes

83
Q

veins above the pectinate line drain into the […] system

A

portal system

84
Q

artery supplying rectum above pectinate line

A

superior rectal a.

85
Q

somatic innervation below the pectinate line

A

pudendal nerve

86
Q

artery supplying rectum below pectinate line

A

inferior rectal

87
Q

veins below the pectinate line drain into the […] system

A

caval system

88
Q

lymphatics below the pectinate line drain into the

A

superficial inguinal nodes

89
Q

where will urine collect following injury to the superior bladder?

A

intraperitoneal space

(raises BUN and creatinine due to peritoneal absorption)

90
Q

where will urine collect following injury to the anterior bladder wall or neck?

A

retropubic space

(associated with pelvic fracture)

91
Q

where will urine collect following injury to the anterior urethra?

(usually due to straddle injury)

A

scrotum –> scrotal hematoma

If Buck’s fascia is torn, it will also go into superficial perineal space

92
Q

where will urine collect following injury to the posterior urethra?

(usually due to pelvic fracture)

A

retropubic space and deep perineal space

93
Q

a high riding prostate may indicate injury to what part of the urethra?

A

posterior

(usually due to pelvic fracture)

94
Q

located in the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa

A

pudendal canal

95
Q

fat filled space on either side of the anal canal

A

ischioanal fossa

96
Q

the root of the penis includes the crura, which is covered by the […] muscle, and the bulb which is covered by the […] muscle and located in the […] pouch

A

crura - ischiocavernosus muscle
bulb- bulbospongiosus muscle
superficial

RDS Test 1 (23 decks)

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