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RDS Test 1 > B8-002 Development of Reproductive System > Flashcards

B8-002 Development of Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

germ cells arise in week 2 from the

A

epiblasts

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2
Q

primordial germ cells migrate to the […] in weeks 3 and 4

A

yolk sac

(this keeps them separate from everything else as it is differentiating)

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3
Q

44 XO

A

Turner syndrome

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4
Q

47 XXX

A

triple X syndrome

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5
Q

45 YO

A

lethal

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6
Q

47 XXY

A

klinefelters

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7
Q

tall
normal puberty/fertility
may have lower IQ
increased risk of psychotic disorders

A

triple X syndrome

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8
Q

short stature
widely spaced nipples
cardiac abnormalities
primary hypogonadism

A

turner syndrome

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9
Q

micropenis
cryptorchidism
gynecomastia
small testes
primary hypogonadism

A

klinefelter’s

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10
Q

tall
puberty/fertility normal
lower IQ
increased risk of hyperactivity/autism disorders/acne

A

jacob syndrome

doubleY syndrome

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11
Q

gene important for sex differentiation

responsible for tests determining factor (TDF)

A

SRY gene

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12
Q

SRY gene results in […] phenotype

A

male

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13
Q

[…] duct gives rise to internal male genitalia

A

mesonepheric

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14
Q

[…] duct gives rise to internal female genitalia

A

paramesonepheric

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15
Q

leydig cells and thecal cells arise from

A

intermediate mesoderm

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16
Q

sertoli cells and follicle cells arise from

A

coelomic epithelium

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17
Q

presence of SRY gene activates […] and […] cells and ultimately leads to the formation of male external genitalia

A

leydig (mesonepheric ducts persist)
sertoli (paramesonepheric ducts degenerate)

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18
Q

absence of SRY gene activates […] and […] cells and ultimately leads to the formation of female external genitalia

A

thecal (mesonepheric duct degenerates)
follical (paramesonepheric persists)

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19
Q

when SRY is present, leydig cells produce […] which allows for mesonepheric duct to persist

A

testosterone

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20
Q

when SRY is present, sertoli cells produce […] which allows for paramesonepheric duct to degenerate

A

AMH

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21
Q

if SRY is present, but not enough AMH is produced, what will be the result?

A

male external genitalia
both male and female internal genitalia

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22
Q

if SRY is present, a 5a-reductase deficiency will result in

A

male internal genitalia
female or ambiguous external genitalia until puberty

(inability to convert testosterone to DHT)

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23
Q

female and male gonad development occurs during week

A

5

(indifferent stage)

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24
Q

in the absence of SRY, the coelomic epithelium will form [2]

A

primordial follicles
granulosa cells

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25
Q

in the absence of SRY, the intermediate mesoderm will form

A

thecal cells

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26
Q

in the presence of SRY, the coelomic epithelium will form [2]

A

seminiferous cords
sertoli cells

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27
Q

in the presence of SRY, the intermediate mesoderm will form [2]

A

leydig cells
tunica albuginea

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28
Q

gonads form on the […], then descend into the pelvis

A

posterior abdominal wall

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29
Q

differentiation of the male duct system occurs during week […]

A

6-7

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30
Q

sertoli cells secrete AMH, causing degeneration of the […] duct

A

paramesonephric

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31
Q

leydig cells secrete testosterone allowing for retention of the […] duct

A

mesonephric

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32
Q

mesonephric duct is remodeled into [4]

A

seminal vesicle
epididymis
ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens

SEED

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33
Q

appendix testis and prostatic utricle are remnants of

A

paramesonephric duct

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34
Q

the top part of the paramesonepheric duct gives rise to the

A

fallopian tube

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35
Q

the bottom part of the paramesonepheric duct gives rise to the […] primordium

A

uterovaginal primordium

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36
Q

uterovaginal primordium projects to the […] which produces the sinus tubercle

A

urogenital sinus (bladder)

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37
Q

form on the anterior lateral vagina
usually asymptomatic
remnant of mesonepheric duct

A

gartner’s cyst

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38
Q

sinus tubercle induces the formation of […], future hymen

A

sinovaginal bulbs

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39
Q

fuse to form the vaginal plate

A

sinovaginal bulbs

40
Q

vaginal plate endoderm proliferates and cannulates, forming the

A

vagina

41
Q

distal vagina and hymen arise from what germ layer?

A

endoderm

42
Q

proximal vagina and uterus arise from […] duct

A

paramesonepheric ducts

43
Q

no fusion of paramesonepheric ducts results in

A

uterus didelphys with double vagina

44
Q

some fusion, but lack of complete fusion of the paramesonepheric ducts results in [2]

A

uterus arcuatus
uterus bicornis (more severe septum)

45
Q

1 of the paramesonepheric ducts did not fuse and/or it atrophied

A

uterus bicornis unicollis

46
Q

if the caudal end of paramesonepheric ducts atrophys, what is the result?

A

cervical atresia

47
Q

problem with sinovaginal bulbs/endoderm results in

A

vaginal atresia

48
Q

[…] grows toward the cloacal membrane and divides it, forming the perineal body (central tendon)

A

urorectal septum

49
Q

rectoprostatic urethral fistula
rectourethral fistual
rectocloacal canal
rectovaginal fistula

are all complication that can result from

A

abnormal migration of the urorectal septum

50
Q

allantois turns into […], which turns into […] in adults

A

urachus
median umbilical ligament

51
Q

urine coming out of umbilicus indicates

A

urachal fistula

52
Q

if you have BPH and have a lot of urinary pressure in the bladder, this allantois abnormality can reopen

A

urachal sinus

53
Q

allantois abnormality that is usually asymptomatic, often found postmortem

A

urachal cyst

54
Q

bladder is derived from

A

hindgut endoderm

55
Q

ureters are derived from

A

mesonephric and metanephric ducts

(mesoderm)

56
Q

trigone is derived from

A

mesoderm

via mesonepheric duct

57
Q

detrusor muscle arises from

A

mesoderm

58
Q

the prostate is largely derived from

A

endoderm

(smooth muscle and connective tissue from splanchic mesoderm)

59
Q

the bulbourethral gland is largely derived from

A

endoderm

(smooth muscle and connective tissue from splanchic mesoderm)

60
Q

vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and ejaculatory duct arise from what germ layer?

A

mesoderm

61
Q

problem with mesoderm and cloacal membrane
causing defect closure of the bladder wall

A

exstrophy of bladder

(she specifically said to know it is a problem with mesoderm and cloacal membrane)

62
Q

epispadias is caused by improper location of the […] and migration of the […] caudal to the cloacal membrane

A

genital tubercles
mesoderm

63
Q

opening of urethra on dorsum of penis

A

epispadias

64
Q

differentiation of external genitalia due to appropriate hormone influence occurs during week

A

9

65
Q

formation of external genitalia is usually complete by week

A

12

(on embryonic calendar. on obstetric calendar this would be week 14)

66
Q

genital tubercle gives rise to […] in male

A

glans penis

67
Q

genital tubercle gives rise to […] in females

A

clitoris

68
Q

urethral (urogenital) folds gives rise to […] in females

A

frenulum of labia minora

69
Q

urethral (urogenital) folds gives rise to […] in males [3]

A

lateral walls of urethra
spongy urethra
penile raphe

70
Q

labioscrotal swellings gives rise to […] in females [2]

A

labium majus
mons pubis

71
Q

labioscrotal swellings gives rise to […] in males

A

scrotum

72
Q

spongy urethra and […] need to align to complete the formation of the spongy urethra

A

navicular fossa

(endoderm and ectoderm come together)

navicular fossa = opening of glans penis

73
Q

urethral opening on ventral penis

A

hypospadias

74
Q

what is the cause of hypospadias

A

urethral (urogenital) folds did not come together properly, left an opening

75
Q

penoscrotal hypospadias is due to an issue with what structure?

A

labioscrotal swellings

76
Q

cranial part of the gubernaculum in females gives rise to

A

ovarian ligament

77
Q

structure that helps ovary/testicle descend from the posterior abdominal wall

A

gubernaculum

78
Q

caudal part of the gubernaculum in females gives rise to

A

round ligament

79
Q

fusion of the paramesonephric ducts along the peritoneal fold in females forms the

A

broad ligament

80
Q

ligament that separates the pelvic cavity into the rectouterine pouch and vesico-uterine pouch

A

broad ligament

81
Q

gives rise to the proximal 1/3 of the vagina

A

paramesonepheric duct

82
Q

gives rise to distal 2/3 of the vagina

A

urogenital sinus

83
Q

in females, the mesonepheric duct […] and paramesonepheric duct […]

A

in females, the mesonepheric duct degenerates and paramesonepheric duct develops

84
Q

[…] gene on Y chromosome produces testis determining factor –> testes development

A

SRY

85
Q

sertoli cells secrete […] that suppresses development of the paramesonepheric ducts

A

AMH

86
Q

male remnant of the paramesonepheric duct

A

appendix testis

87
Q

in females, the paramesonepheric duct develops into what structures? [3]

A

fallopian tubes
uterus
proximal vagina

88
Q

in males, the mesonepheric duct develops into what structures? [4]

A

Seminal vesicles
Epididymis
Ejaculatory duct
Ductus deferens

SEED

89
Q

female remnant of the mesonepheric duct is

A

gartner duct

90
Q

during sexual differentiation, absence of sertoli cells or lack of AMH would cause the development of

A

both male and female internal genitalia
male external genitalia

91
Q

during sexual differentiation, 5a-reductase deficiency would cause the development of

A

male internal genitalia
atypical external genitalia until puberty

due to inability to convert T to DHT

92
Q

incomplete fusion of the Mullerian ducts causes […] uterus

A

bicornuate

93
Q

complete failure of fusion of the Mullerian ducts causes […]

A

uterus didelphy

double uterus, cervix, and vagina

94
Q

incomplete resorption of the uterine septum causes

A

septate uterus

95
Q

the urogenital sinus gives rise to [5]

A

bladder
allantois
bulbourethral glands
prostate
urethra

96
Q

the paramesonepheric ducts give rise to [3]

A

uterine tubes
uterus
cervix

97
Q

sinus tubercle –> sinovaginal bulb forms the […]

A

vagina

RDS Test 1 (23 decks)

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