B7

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

how drugs are transformed in body

Question 2

excretion

Answer 2

elimination of substances

Question 3

how is a drug metabolised

Answer 3

parent drug is converted to their inactive, polar metabolites which decrease their effect on the body

Question 4

prodrugs

Answer 4

metabolites are more active than parent compounds

Question 5

metabolism can lead to production of

Answer 5

inactive metabolites
active metabolites
metabolites with increased potency
metabolites with decreased potency
toxic metabolites
metabolites with different pharma actions

Question 6

factors influencing metabolism

Answer 6

diet
disease
hormonal status
age
genetics
liver function

Question 7

phase I reaction

Answer 7

non synthetic

Question 8

phase II reaction

Answer 8

synthetic

Question 9

principles of phase I

Answer 9

enzyme catalysed
no conjugation
oxidations
reductions
hydrolysis

Question 10

principles of phase II

Answer 10

enzyme catalysed conjugation

reaction of a drug with an endogenous substance

Question 11

what does phase II reaction require

Answer 11

energy and a functional group from phase I as the site of conjugation

Question 12

glucuronyl tranferase

Answer 12

phase II enzymes that catalyse conjugation of glucuronic acid

Question 13

what happens in metabolites arent removed

Answer 13

they accumulate and can have toxic effects

Question 14

routes of elimination

Answer 14

urine
sweat
faeces
milk
lungs
saliva
tears

Question 15

net renal excretion

Answer 15

glomerular filtration at the glomerulus + tubular secretion at the prox tubule - tubular resorption throughout the tubule

Question 16

filtration is affected by

Answer 16

plasma protein binding

Question 17

reabsorption is affected by

Answer 17

lipid solubility
conc gradient
urinary ph

Question 18

renal clearance

Answer 18

CL = conc of drug per ml of urine x (volume or urine excreted per minute / conc of drug per ml plasma)

Question 19

total body clearance

Answer 19

renal clearance + metabolism

Question 20

factors influencing renal clearance

Answer 20

age
other drugs
diseases
renal failure
Ti

Question 21

hepatic extraction ratio

Answer 21

amount of drugs removed in liver/ amount of drug entering organ

Question 22

first pass effect

Answer 22

decreases concentration

a drug with a hepatic extraction ratio of 1 will have 0% bioavailability