B3.4

Question 1

What is water pollution caused by?

Answer 1

~ Fertilisers from farming, which can cause plants to grow in water
~ Toxic chemicals from industrial processes
~ Sewage

Question 2

What is air pollution caused by?

Answer 2

~ Smoke

~ Gases such as CO2 which cause global warming, and SO2 which dissolves in rain and forms acid rain

Question 3

What is land pollution caused by?

Answer 3

~ Toxic chemicals from industrial processes

~ Pesticides and herbicides from farming

Question 4

What do pesticides do?

Answer 4

Kill insects that eat crops

Question 5

What do herbicides do?

Answer 5

Kill unwanted plants

Question 6

What can an increase in population increase?

Answer 6

~ Air pollution
~ Land pollution
~ Water pollution
~ Building
~ Farming
~ Quarrying
~ Waste

Question 7

How does deforestation cause an increase in CO2 levels?

Answer 7

~ It reduces the intake of CO2 that trees do for photosynthesis
~ When the wood burns it releases CO2
~ When the vegetation rots, microbes release CO2

Question 8

What does deforestation reduce?

Answer 8

Biodiversity, as it’s destroys habitats so less species can live

Question 9

Why is deforestation done?

Answer 9

~ To create land for growing food crops or crops for producing biofuels
~ For paper products

Question 10

What produces methane?

Answer 10

~ Rice fields

~ Animals like cows

Question 11

What are peat bogs?

Answer 11

• Partially decayed plant material
• Can be burned or used to make soil better
• Releases carbon dioxide

Question 12

What may global warming cause?

Answer 12

• A change in climate
• Rise in sea level
• Change in species distribution
• Change in migration patterns (birds)
• reduction in biodiversity

Question 13

What does it mean when carbon dioxide has been sequestered?

Answer 13

It’s been locked up in oceans, lakes and ponds

Question 14

How can we decrease the levels of methane from the anaerobic decomposition of rice from bacteria?

Answer 14

Reduce use of paddy fields / eat vegetarian food

Question 15

How can we decrease the levels of carbon dioxide from peat bog destruction?

Answer 15

Use ‘peat-free’ compost

Question 16

How can we decrease the levels of carbon dioxide from deforestation?

Answer 16

Reduce deforestation or use carbon sequestration (e.g. Sub seafloor sequestration)

Question 17

What goes into a biogas generator?

Answer 17

• Waste food
• Plants
• Animal waste
• Human waste

Question 18

What is produced in a biogas generator?

Answer 18

Slurry

Question 19

What are the conditions in a biogas generator?

Answer 19

• Anaerobic conditions

* Warmth

Question 20

What would happen if there was oxygen in a biogas generator?

Answer 20

The anaerobic bacteria wouldn’t work and wouldn’t produce the biogases

Question 21

What gases are found in biogas?

Answer 21

• Methane
• Carbon dioxide
• Water vapour, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide

Question 22

What is biogas used for?

Answer 22

Cooking, heating, generating electricity

Question 23

What are benefits of biogas generators?

Answer 23

• Allow you to get rid of waste material
• Fertiliser is also produced which is useful
• It’s a more environmentally friendly way of producing fuel than using fossil fuels

Question 24

Why, initially, is there a rise in carbon dioxide levels in a biogas generator?

Answer 24

Because there is oxygen in the generator at first, which is used for aerobic respiration which produces CO2. Eventually this oxygen will run out so CO2 levels will decrease.

Question 25

How can we increase the amount of biomass that humans get from eating chickens?

Answer 25

Reduce the amount of energy chickens lose through movement and heat, which will increase their growth. These conditions are found in factory farming

Question 26

How can we stop the extinction of some fish?

Answer 26

• Reduce net size so less fish are caught
• Quotas
• Avoiding fishing during mating season
• Avoiding breeding grounds
• Increasing mesh size, so younger fish aren’t caught

Question 27

What is mycoprotein?

Answer 27

A source of food from a fungus that is high in protein and low in fat

Question 28

What is fusarium?

Answer 28

The micoprotein fungus used to make mycoprotein, which is grown in aerobic conditions

Question 29

How is mycoprotein produced?

Answer 29

• Air goes in and bubbles through mixture which provides oxygen
• Glucose syrup and minerals are added
• If the temperature rises too much, a cooling water jacket reduces the temperature

Question 30

What are advantages of factory farming of animals like chickens?

Answer 30

• Faster growth
• Cheaper
• More food

Question 31

What are disadvantages of factory farming of animals like chickens?

Answer 31

• Diseases spread easily

* Cruel due to poor conditions

Question 32

What are advantages of organic / free range animals like chickens?

Answer 32

• Less cruelty

* Grown in natural conditions

Question 33

What are disadvantages of factory farming of animals like chickens?

Answer 33

• More food required
• More expensive
• Takes the animals longer to grow

Question 34

What are advantages of local food production?

Answer 34

• Less travel + CO2 emissions

* Less global warming affect

Question 35

What are disadvantages of local food production?

Answer 35

• Certain foods may not be able to grow in local weather conditions