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Biology > B2.6 > Flashcards

B2.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen

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2
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Catalysed enzymes

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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3
Q

What is energy released during respiration used for?

A

~ to build larger molecules using smaller ones
~ to enable muscles to contract (in animals)
~ to maintain a constant temperature (in animals) in colder surroundings
~ to make proteins in plants and animals from amino acids (made from sugars and nitrates)

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4
Q

What are chemical reactions inside cells controlled by?

A

Enzymes

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5
Q

What does aerobic respiration require?

A

Glucose and oxygen

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6
Q

How is water lost from respiration?

A

Through:
~ Sweat
~ Moist breath
~ Urine

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7
Q

When does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

If not enough oxygen can be supplied to the working muscles

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8
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

The incomplete breakdown of glucose

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9
Q

What are 3 examples of changes that take place during exercise?

A

~ Increased heart rate
~ Increased breathing rate and depth
~ The arteries supplying the muscles dilate

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10
Q

What is a waste product of anaerobic respiration?

A

Lactic acid, which builds up in the tissues

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11
Q

What can lactic acid cause?

A

Muscle fatigue, which stops the muscles contracting efficiently

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12
Q

Which respiration process releases more energy?

A

Aerobic

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13
Q

Which respiration process produces sudden energy fastest?

A

Anaerobic

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14
Q

Which respiration process is best for long distance runners?

A

Aerobic

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15
Q

Which respiration process is best for short distance runners?

A

Anaerobic

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16
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The oxygen required to oxidise the lactic acid to carbon dioxide and water

17
Q

How do muscles feel when lactic acid is produced?

A

Tired and ‘rubbery’

18
Q

Why is respiration done?

A

To provide energy

19
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The supply of glucose stored in the muscles

20
Q

Why does the heart pump blood?

A

To supply the cells with glucose and oxygen

21
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose -> lactic acid + little energy

22
Q

During aerobic respiration chemical reactions occur which do what?

A

~ Use glucose and oxygen

~ Release energy

23
Q

What is glucose?

A

A sugar

24
Q

Where do most of the reactions in aerobic respiration take place?

A

Inside mitochondria

Biology (21 decks)

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