B2.1 Flashcards
What does the vacuole do?
Contains the cell sap (sugars/salts)
What do mitochondria do?
Releases most of the energy in respiration
What does the cell wall do?
Strengthens the cell and is made of cellulose
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell (diffusion)
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Ribosomes
Where do most of the chemical reactions in a cell take place?
Cytoplasm
What does the chloroplast do?
Contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy to make food
What does the nucleus do?
~ Controls activities of the cell
~ Contains genetic information
What features are found in a plant cell?
Cell wall Cell membrane Chloroplasts Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Vacuole
What features are found in an animal cell?
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosomes Mitochondria
How can you increase the rate of diffusion?
Increase the difference in concentration
What is diffusion?
The spreading of a gas, or a substance in solution, where higher concentrations move to lower concentrated regions
What features are found in a bacterium cell?
~ Cell wall
~ Cytoplasm
~ Cell membrane
~ Genetic material
What’s the difference about the cell wall in plant and bacterium cells?
In bacterium cells the cell wall is not made of cellulose
As bacterium cells have no nucleus, where does their genetic material lie?
Free within the cytoplasm
What features does a yeast cell have?
~ Cell wall ~ Cytoplasm ~ Cell Membrane ~ Nucleus ~ Ribosomes ~ Vacuole ~ Mitochondria
Why does diffusion happen in cells?
~ They need to remove what they don’t need (carbon dioxide, waste products)
~ They need to take in what they need (oxygen, food)
What features are found in both animal and plant cells?
~ Nucleus
~ Cytoplasm
~ Cell membrane
What features are found in plants but not animals?
~ Cell wall
~ Chloroplasts
~ Vacuole
What do ribosomes do?
Make proteins from amino acids
How are sperm specialised?
~ Tails so they can swim to the egg
~ Lots of mitochondria to provide energy from respiration
How are root hair cells specialised?
Has a hair like structure to increase surface area, so it can absorb more water and minerals
How are red blood cells specialised?
~ No nucleus so it has more space to carry oxygen
~ Special shape to give a large surface area so it can carry more oxygen
What substances move in and out of cells by diffusion?
Dissolved substances
