B2.5

Question 1

What are enzymes and what do they do?

Answer 1

~ Biological catalysts (they’re also proteins)

~ Increase the rate of chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Why is it dangerous for a human’s body temperature to go above 37 degrees?

Answer 2

Because high temperatures destroy most enzymes’ special shape

Question 3

What are protein molecules?

Answer 3

~ Large molecules made up of long chains of amino acids

~ These chains are folded to a shape so other molecules can fit into the protein

Question 4

What do names of enzymes always end in?

Answer 4

-ase

Question 5

What are the names of 3 digestive enzymes?

Answer 5

~ Lipase
~ Amylase
~ Protease

Question 6

What cells are lipase made in?

Answer 6

~ Pancreas

~ Small intestine

Question 7

Which cells are amylase made in?

Answer 7

~ Pancreas
~ Salivary glands
~ Small intestine

Question 8

Which cells are protease made in?

Answer 8

~ Pancreas
~ Small intestine
~ Stomach

Question 9

What reaction does lipase catalyse?

Answer 9

Lipids (fats and oils) -> fatty acids and glycerol

Question 10

What reaction does amylase catalyse?

Answer 10

Starch -> sugars

Question 11

What reaction does protease catalyse?

Answer 11

Proteins -> amino acids

Question 12

Where does lipase work?

Answer 12

Small intestine

Question 13

Where does amylase work?

Answer 13

~ Mouth

~ Small intestine

Question 14

Where does protease work?

Answer 14

~ Small intestine

~ Stomach

Question 15

What are enzymes used for in the industry?

Answer 15

~ Baking
~ Cosmetics
~ Textiles

Question 16

What’s the name of the place on the enzyme where the substrate molecules fit?

Answer 16

The active site

Question 17

What pH do enzymes in the stomach work best at?

Answer 17

pH2 because the stomach is very acidic

Question 18

What is respiration?

Answer 18

The chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose

Question 19

About how many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 19

20

Question 20

What are the 4 main types of proteins?

Answer 20

~ Structural tissue e.g muscle
~ Hormones
~ Antibodies
~ Enzymes

Question 21

What pH do enzymes in the small intestine work best at?

Answer 21

10 because the small intestine is alkaline

Question 22

What types of enzymes are used in biological detergents?

Answer 22

~ Lipase (can break down fat or oil stains on clothes)

~ Protease (can digest protein stains)

Question 23

What protein is found in baby food?

Answer 23

Protease (breaks down proteins, so pre digests the food for the babies)

Question 24

What does carbohydrase break starch into?

Answer 24

Sugar syrup

Question 25

What enzyme is used to convert glucose syrup to fructose syrup?

Answer 25

Isomerase

Question 26

What's good about fructose syrup?

Answer 26

~ Sweeter than glucose syrup | ~ So less is needed in food (can be used in diet foods)

Question 27

What are the advantages of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 27

``` ~ Reactions at low temperature and low pressure = Less energy is used = Cheaper = Less gas emissions ~ Can be reused ```

Question 28

What are the disadvantages of using enzymes in industry?

Answer 28

~ Costs a lot to produce the enzyme | ~ The enzymes can denature at high temperatures

Question 29

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 29

Water is reabsorbed

Question 30

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 30

Soluble food goes into blood

Question 31

What is emulsified fat?

Answer 31

Fat in smaller pieces, they have a higher surface area

Question 32

What do different enzymes work best at?

Answer 32

Different pH values

Question 33

What acid does the stomach produce?

Answer 33

Hydrochloric acid

Question 34

What does bile do?

Answer 34

Neutralises the acid that was added to food in the stomach