B3 - organisation and the digestive system fact test

Question 1

what is a cell?

Answer 1

all living things are made up of cells

Question 2

what is a tissue?

Answer 2

a group of similar cells with specific functions work together to form tissues

Question 3

what is an organ?

Answer 3

made up of different types of tissue grouped together to perform certain functions

Question 4

what is an organ system?

Answer 4

organs that work together to perform a particular function in the body

Question 5

what is an organism?

Answer 5

formed when different organ systems work together

Question 6

what is an enzyme?

Answer 6

enzymes are large proteins that act as biological catalysts, which speed up the rate of chemical reactions involved in metabolism

Question 7

what is the definition of metabolism?

Answer 7

the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 8

what is an active site?

Answer 8

allows the enzyme to bind to the substrate. Every enzyme has its own unique active site and the specific shape of the active site allows the enzyme to bind to the substrate

Question 9

what is the ‘lock and key’ model?

Answer 9

enzymes will only bind to one specific substrate which is COMPLIMENTARY to the shape of the enzyme. If the substrate doesn’t fit the active site, the chemical reaction won’t be catalysed.

Question 10

what is an optimum temperature?

Answer 10

the temperature where an enzyme works its best, this is different for different enzymes

Question 11

how does pH affect enzymes

Answer 11

• extreme pH changes can denature enzymes
• all enzymes have an optimum pH level at which they work best at and this varies for different enzymes

Question 12

how do digestive enzymes work

Answer 12

they break down large food molecules (which can’t be absorbed into the bloodstream) into smaller food molecules (which can be absorbed into the bloodstream

the body makes new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids from products of digestion
it uses some of the glucose released in respiration to release energy

Question 13

what is amylase

Answer 13

• a type of carbohydrase (converts carbohydrates into simple sugars)
• produced in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
• works in the mouth and small intestine

Question 14

what is protease

Answer 14

• turns proteins into amino acids
• made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
• act in the stomach and small intestine

Question 15

what is lipase

Answer 15

• turns lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
• made in the pancreas and small intestine
• works in the small intestine

Question 16

where is bile made and stored

Answer 16

made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder

Question 17

where is bile released

Answer 17

released into the small intestine

Question 18

what is bile

Answer 18

bile is alkaline and speeds up the action of lipases by neutralising the hydrochloric acid from the stomach (this provides more suitable pH conditions) and emulsifies fats (breaks down big fat droplets into smaller fat droplets so there is more surface area for lipases to work on)