Autophagy Flashcards

1
Q

Aggregate-prone proteins (e.g. those with expanded stretches of glutamine residues in diseases like Huntington’s disease) will cause

A

neuronal cell death

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2
Q

Autophagy degrades _______. No toxic stimulus, no _______.

A
  • the aggregate-prone proteins (perhaps after they have started to form small aggregates)
  • neuronal cell death
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3
Q

Many proteins - e.g. Bcl-2 - that regulate apoptosis/ cell death, also control

A

autophagy–remember, this could create problems in interpreting results of therapeutic interventions designed to target these proteins.

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4
Q

_______ can cleave essential autophagy regulators, _______ them and therefore _______ the process of autophagy.

A
  • Apoptotic proteases (caspases)
  • inactivating
  • blocking
  • **In some cases, -e.g. with starvation-induced cell death, it is easy to see why autophagy would protect– it provides essential nutrients at least in the short term. In others, e.g. stress-induced cell death from chemotherapy etc. its less clear why autophagy would be protective.
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5
Q

_______(best studied)- form a double membrane vesicle that captures cytosolic components/organelles. Then fuse with lysosome where hydrolases degrade contents of autophagosome.

A

Macroautophagy

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6
Q

Macroautophagy (best studied)- form a _______ that captures cytosolic components/organelles. Then fuse with _______where hydrolases degrade contents of _______.

A
  • double membrane vesicle
  • lysosome
  • autophagosome
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7
Q

Macroautophagy (best studied)- form a double membrane vesicle that captures _______. Then fuse with lysosome where _______ degrade contents of autophagosome.

A
  • cytosolic components/organelles

- hydrolases

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8
Q

_______–recognition of specific proteins that contain a specific recognition sequence (based on amino acid sequence KFERQ). Direct binding and delivery to lysosome.

A

Chaperone-mediated

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9
Q

Chaperone-mediated–recognition of specific proteins that contain a _______. _______binding and delivery to lysosome.

A
  • specific recognition sequence (based on amino acid sequence KFERQ)
  • Direct
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10
Q

Chaperone-mediated–recognition of specific proteins that contain a specific recognition sequence (based on amino acid sequence KFERQ). Direct binding and delivery to _______.

A

lysosome

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11
Q

macroautophagy 1: Activate a _______ that allows _______ that will eventually form an _______.

A

-PI3K complex
nucleation of a membrane
-autophagosome

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12
Q

macrophagy 2: Regulation of _______

A

-protein conjugation events to extend membrane.

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13
Q

macrophagy 3: Randomly capture, or specifically deliver cargo to _______, then _______ to _______.

A
  • the extending aytophagosome
  • join the membranes
  • close the vesicle
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14
Q

macrophagy 4: Fuse with _______. Recycle _______ and _______

A
  • lysosome
  • amino acids
  • other macromolecular precursors
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