Exam 3-4

Question 1

GADD45

Answer 1

inhibits cdc –> inhibits M phase entrance

Question 2

P21

Answer 2

inhibits cdk 2 which inhibits entrance into the S phase and inhibits cdc2 which inhibits entrance into the M phase

Question 3

LFS: hits may be

Answer 3

on different genes

Question 4

DKA: Mannitol

Answer 4

raises blood osM

Question 5

DKA tx: make sure youuuu

Answer 5

give dextrose + insulin long enough and slowly enough to bring glucose back into range

Question 6

bicarb formula

Answer 6

H+ + HCO3- H2CO3 H2O + CO2

Question 7

aldosterone function

Answer 7

increases Na concentration in DCT and cortical collecting duct of the kidney –> Na+ is retained and K+ is lost in the urine

Question 8

Cushing’s triad

Answer 8

• HTN
• bradycardia
• irreg respirations

Question 9

insulin has____ aa and is in the ________

Answer 9

51

B cells of the pancreas

Question 10

target site of insulin: liver

Answer 10

store glucose (as glycogen) and lipid, stop lipid and glycogen breakdown

Question 11

target site of insulin: adipose tissue

Answer 11

store glucose and triglyceride (incorporated into chains of fats)

Question 12

target site of insulin: muscle

Answer 12

store glucose, make protein

Question 13

stimulus for insulin release

Answer 13

Glucose enters the beta cells in the pancreas –> increased ATP/ADP ratio –> closes a channel to cause rising intracellular potassium –> increasing intracellular potassium depolarizes the membrane –> Calcium ions influx –> leads to insulin exocytosis