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science > atoms , the periodic table and chemical bonding > Flashcards

atoms , the periodic table and chemical bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

what are atoms made up of ?

A

protons , neutrons and electrons

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2
Q

what is the atomic number of an atom ?

A

the number of protons and electrons it has in its nucleus

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3
Q

what is the mass number of an atom ?

A

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in its nucleus

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4
Q

what are isotopes?

A

atoms of the same element , which have a different numbers of neutrons

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5
Q

what charge does the proton have ?

A

positive

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6
Q

what charge does the electron have ?

A

negative

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7
Q

what charge does the neutron have ?

A

neutral

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8
Q

what makes each atom different ?

A

each atom is different because each has its own number of protons in its nucleus

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9
Q

the first shell ( n=1) can hold a maximum of how many electrons ?

A

2

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10
Q

the second shell ( n =2) can hold a maximum of how many electrons ?

A

8

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11
Q

the arrangement of electrons in an atom is called its what ?

A

electronic configuration

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12
Q

what do atoms in the same group have in common?

A

they have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells

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13
Q

what is a group ?

A

a vertical column of elements that all have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells.

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14
Q

what is a period ?

A

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

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15
Q

what do all elements in a period have in common

A

they have the same number of electron shells .

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16
Q

what is group 1?

A

the alkali metals

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17
Q

what is group 2?

A

the alkaline earth metals

18
Q

what is group 3?

A

the halogens

19
Q

what is group 4?

A

the noble gases

20
Q

how are elements stable ?

A

elements that have 8 electrons in their outer shells are very stable ( expect for helium which has a stable outer shell of 2 electrons)

21
Q

what is the octet rule

A

atoms bond together so that each atom gets an electron arrangement with 8 electrons in its outermost shell

22
Q

what is ionic bonding ?

A

this is a bond formed when one atom gives away one for two outer electrons , and the other atom takes them .

23
Q

what is an ion ?

A

an ion is a charged atom or group of elements

24
Q

what is an ionic bond ?

A

an ionic bond is formed by the force of attraction between a positive and a negative ion.

25
Q

what happens when an atom loses electrons ?

A

it becomes a positively charged ion

26
Q

what happens when an atom gains electrons ?

A

it becomes a negatively charged ion

27
Q

what do atoms form when combined with eachother?

A

they form compounds

28
Q

how many protons and electrons does a sodium atom have ?

A

it has 11 , electrons and 11 protons

29
Q

how many protons and electrons does a sodium ion have ?

A

it has 11 positively charged protons and 10 electrons so it have a charge of +1

30
Q

what is the symbol of the element sodium ?

A

Na

31
Q

what is the symbol element of chlorine?

A

CI

32
Q

how many protons and neutrons does a chlorine atom have ?

A

17 protons and 17 electrons

33
Q

how do you find out the number of neutrons an atom has?

A

the mass number - atomic number

34
Q

what is sodium chloride ( NaCI)

A

salt

35
Q

how many protons an electrons does a chloride ion have ?

A

17 protons and 18 electrons so it now has a charge of -1

36
Q

what is a covalent bonding?

A

when atoms share electrons

37
Q

what is a double covalent bond?

A

when atoms share two pairs of electrons

38
Q

what is MgO?

A

magnesium oxide

39
Q

what is CH4?

A

methane molecule

40
Q

what is H2?

A

hydrogen molecule

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