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Pharmacology > Antivirals > Flashcards

Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

Simeprevir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits viral protease NS3/4A

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2
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Influenza A+B; neuroaminidase inhibitor (must be given early); resistance prevalent

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3
Q

Peramivir

A

Influenza A+B; neuroaminidase inhibitor; IV

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4
Q

Grasoprevir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits viral protease NS3/4A

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5
Q

Emtricitabine (FTC)

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dC analog, chain terminator

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6
Q

Etravirine

A

HIV; NNRTI/non-nuc, non-competitive inhibitor of RT; rash and hepatotoxicity

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7
Q

Elvitegravir

A

HIV; Integrase inhibitors

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8
Q

Lamivudine

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dC analog, chain terminator

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9
Q

Dolutegravir

A

HIV; Integrase inhibitors

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10
Q

Enfuviritide (Fuzeon®)

A

HIV; entry, binds to gp41

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11
Q

Ritonavir

A

HIV; used as PK booster for proteases, inhibits CYP450

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12
Q

Abacavir

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dG analog, chain terminator

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13
Q

Didanosine

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dA analog, chain terminator

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14
Q

side effects of nucs

A

mitochondrial toxicity, lipoatrophy, lactic acidosis, hepatic steatosis

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15
Q

Elbasvir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits NS5A replication complex

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16
Q

Valganciclovir

A

Pro-drug of ganciclovir, increased bioavailability

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17
Q

Cidofovir

A

CMV, adenovirus, acyclovir-resistant HSV; dC analog same mechanism as acyclovir, NEPHROTOXICITY/TUBULAR DAMAGE

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18
Q

Zanamivir

A

Influenza A+B; neuroaminidase inhibitor; Inhaled

19
Q

Raltegravir

A

HIV; Integrase inhibitors

20
Q

Efavirenz

A

HIV; NNRTI/non-nuc, non-competitive inhibitor of RT; rash and hepatotoxicity, psych

21
Q

Cobicistat

A

HIV; inhibits CYP3A4, reduces metabolism of HIV drugs

22
Q

Maraviroc

A

HIV; entry, CCR5 inhibitor, prevents gp120 from binding. resistance via CXCR4

23
Q

Dacaltasvir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits NS5A replication complex

24
Q

Sofosbuvir

A

Hepatitis C; viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase inhibitor (NS5B); enzyme inhibitor as triphosphorylated form

25
Q

SOC for Hep C

A

Give drug course for 12 weeks, come back after 24 wks

26
Q

Tenofovir

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dA analog, chain terminator

27
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Pro-drug of acyclovir, increased bioavailability

28
Q

non-nuc resistance by?

A

single point mutation

29
Q

Nevirapine

A

HIV; NNRTI/non-nuc, non-competitive inhibitor of RT; rash and hepatotoxicity, used globally

30
Q

Stavudine

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dT analog, chain terminator because of absence of 3’OH

31
Q

Ribavarin

A

Hepatitis C; adenosine/guanosine analog via carboxamide group- leads to hypermutation of virus

32
Q

Paritaprevir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits viral protease NS3/4A

33
Q

Ombitasvir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits NS5A replication complex

34
Q

Acyclovir

A

Herpes simplex, VZV; dG analog- monophosphorylated by viral TK, then converted to triphosphate, chain terminator, CRYSTALLIZES IN URINE

35
Q

Nelpivarine

A

HIV; NNRTI/non-nuc, non-competitive inhibitor of RT; rash and hepatotoxicity

36
Q

Lopinavir

A

HIV; protease inhibitor, used with Ritonavir, once the most widely used HIV drug, causes insulin resistance

37
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A

HIV; NRTI/nuc, dT analog, chain terminator because of absence of 3’OH;

38
Q

side effects of HIV protease inhibitors?

A

GI upset, metabolic effects, fat redistribution, hyperlipidemia, similar to proteases in RAAS

39
Q

Ledipasvir

A

Hepatitis C; inhibits NS5A replication complex

40
Q

Atazanavir

A

HIV; protease inhibitor, causes bilirubin and rash

41
Q

Brancidofovir

A

Pro-drug of cidofovir; increased bioavailability

42
Q

Darunavir

A

HIV; protease inhibitor, used as last-line salvage therapy, when drug resistance develops

43
Q

Ganciclovir

A

CMV retinitis in immunocompromised; same mechanism as acyclovir, NEUTROPENIA

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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