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Pharmacology > Antibiotics (simple editor) > Flashcards

Antibiotics (simple editor) Flashcards

1
Q

Fidaxomycin (oral)

A

protein synthesis inhibitor C. diff when risk of recurrence is high

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2
Q

Penicillin G (IV, IM depot) / Penicillin V (oral)

A

cell wall inhibitor
treponema, GAS
allergy

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3
Q

Linezolid IV, oral

A

oxazolidinones; protein synthesis inhibitor
MRSA, VSE, MDR Strep pneumo, nocardia, complicated SSTI.
thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome

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4
Q

Vancomycin IV, (oral available for C.diff)

A

Glycopeptides; cell wall inhibitor
MRSA, MSSA, patients with b-lactam allergy, c.diff infection
Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity at high doses

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5
Q

Piperacillin (IV)

A

Ureidopenicillin; cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum)
Pseudomonas, GNR, mixed anaerobe/aerobe
allergy

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6
Q

Nitrofurantoin (oral)

A

free radical generator

lower UTI caused by E. coli and S. saprophyticus

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7
Q

Quinupristin/dalfosprin ((Synercid IV)

A

Streptogramins; protein synthesis inhibitor

MRSA, VRE (E. faecium only)

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8
Q

Meropenem, Ertapenem (IV))

A 
Carbapenems; cell wall inhibitor (broad spectrum)
nosocomial infections (MSSA, strep, anaerobes, GNR)
1 pseudomonas, acinetobacter*panacea. switch to narrow spectrum drug!
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9
Q

Amoxicillin (oral), Ampicillin (IV)

A

aminopenicillins; cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum)
strep, enterococci, GNR (hp, salmonella) chlamydia
allergy

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10
Q

Ciprofloxacin (IV,oral)

A

fluoroquinolone; antimetabolite,
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella),
also: Pseudomonas
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

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11
Q

Metronidazole (IV, oral)

A

free radical generators
GP, GN anaerobes, including c.diff, hp, prophylaxis for abdo surgery, some protozoal/parasitic infections
symptoms of hangover when taken with alcohol

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12
Q

Daptomycin (IV)

A

cell membrane disruptor
MDR GP, staphlycoccal endocarditis
don’t use in lungs (pneumo), rhabdomyolosis

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13
Q

Clindamycin IV, oral

A

Lincosamides; protein synthesis inhibitor
abscesses, pentrating wounds, anaerobes, malaria, acne, some MRSA, necrotizing fasciitis
C DIFF

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14
Q

Cefazolin (IV)

A

1st gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery

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15
Q

Nafcillin (IV), Oxacillin (IV), Dioxacillin (oral)

A

cell wall inhibitor (B-lactamase resistant)
MSSA
allergy

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16
Q

Ceftriaxone (IV)

A

3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

most CNS infections, PCN resistant strep. pne, neisseria

17
Q

Aztreonam (IV/inhaled)

A

monobactam; cell wall inhibitor (one b-lactam ring)

less allergenic! pseudomonas, acinetobacter, GNR

18
Q

Doxycycline, Minocycline (oral)

A

Tetracycline; protein synthesis inhibitor
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), spirochetes (borreila, hp), rickettsiae, brucella, malaria prophylaxis. doxy for MRSA
teeth/bone discoloration/weakening, photosensitivty.

19
Q

Cefuroxime (IV/oral)

A

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)

haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, CAP

20
Q

Rifampin (oral)

A

Rifamycins; antimetabolite
prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves
TB first line drug

21
Q

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (oral)

A

Sulfonamides; antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis)

1 UTI, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Listeria, Pneumocystis jiroveci

22
Q

Cefepime (IV, IM)

A

4th gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

MSSA, Strep Pseudomonas, enteric GNR, febrile neutropenia

23
Q

Colistin (IV, inhaled)

A

cell membrane disruptorserious infections with MDR GNnephrotoxicity

24
Q

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin (oral)

A

macrolides; protein synthesis inhibitor
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), respiratory pathogens (H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae), hp ,M. avium complex, Toxoplasma

25
Q

Telithromycin (oral)

A

macrolides; protein synthesis inhibitor

macrolide resistant S. pneumoniae

26
Q

Gentamycin IV

A

Aminoglycosides; protein synthesis inhibitor
serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

27
Q

Amikacin IV, Tobramycin IV

A

Aminoglycosides; protein synthesis inhibitor
serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

28
Q

Moxifloxacin (IV/oral)

A

fluoroquinolones; antimetabolite
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella)
also: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis;
anaerobes; with cell wall inhibitor for synergistic empiric therapy of life-threatening infections
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

29
Q

Levofloxacin (IV,oral)

A

fluoroquinolones; antimetabolite
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella),
also: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis;
Pseudomonas
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

30
Q

Rifabutin (oral)

A

Rifamycins, antimetabolite
prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves
M. avium complex
Turn body fluids red/orange, CYP450 induction

31
Q

Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine (oral)

A

Sulfonamides; antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis)

Toxoplasma

32
Q

Tigecycline (IV)

A

Glycylcycline; protein synthesis inhibitor
enterococci, VRE, MRSA
Vomiting, nausea (in 25%)

33
Q

Cephalexin (oral)

A

1st gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery

34
Q

Ceftazidime (IV)

A

3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

most CNS infections, pseudomonas

35
Q

Cefotaxime (IV)

A

3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

most CNS infections, PCN resistant strep

36
Q

Cefoxitin (IV)

A

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)
haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,
anaerobes, prophylaxis during abdo surgery

37
Q

Cefotetan (IV)

A

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)
haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,
anaerobes, prophylaxis during abdo surgery

38
Q

Cefprozil (oral)

A

2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)

haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,

39
Q

Ceftaroline (IV)

A

5th gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor

MRSA, MDR staph and strep

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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