Antibiotics (simple editor) Flashcards
Fidaxomycin (oral)
protein synthesis inhibitor C. diff when risk of recurrence is high
Penicillin G (IV, IM depot) / Penicillin V (oral)
cell wall inhibitor
treponema, GAS
allergy
Linezolid IV, oral
oxazolidinones; protein synthesis inhibitor
MRSA, VSE, MDR Strep pneumo, nocardia, complicated SSTI.
thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome
Vancomycin IV, (oral available for C.diff)
Glycopeptides; cell wall inhibitor
MRSA, MSSA, patients with b-lactam allergy, c.diff infection
Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity at high doses
Piperacillin (IV)
Ureidopenicillin; cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum)
Pseudomonas, GNR, mixed anaerobe/aerobe
allergy
Nitrofurantoin (oral)
free radical generator
lower UTI caused by E. coli and S. saprophyticus
Quinupristin/dalfosprin ((Synercid IV)
Streptogramins; protein synthesis inhibitor
MRSA, VRE (E. faecium only)
Meropenem, Ertapenem (IV))
Carbapenems; cell wall inhibitor (broad spectrum) nosocomial infections (MSSA, strep, anaerobes, GNR) 1 pseudomonas, acinetobacter*panacea. switch to narrow spectrum drug!
Amoxicillin (oral), Ampicillin (IV)
aminopenicillins; cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum)
strep, enterococci, GNR (hp, salmonella) chlamydia
allergy
Ciprofloxacin (IV,oral)
fluoroquinolone; antimetabolite,
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella),
also: Pseudomonas
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly
Metronidazole (IV, oral)
free radical generators
GP, GN anaerobes, including c.diff, hp, prophylaxis for abdo surgery, some protozoal/parasitic infections
symptoms of hangover when taken with alcohol
Daptomycin (IV)
cell membrane disruptor
MDR GP, staphlycoccal endocarditis
don’t use in lungs (pneumo), rhabdomyolosis
Clindamycin IV, oral
Lincosamides; protein synthesis inhibitor
abscesses, pentrating wounds, anaerobes, malaria, acne, some MRSA, necrotizing fasciitis
C DIFF
Cefazolin (IV)
1st gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery
Nafcillin (IV), Oxacillin (IV), Dioxacillin (oral)
cell wall inhibitor (B-lactamase resistant)
MSSA
allergy
Ceftriaxone (IV)
3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
most CNS infections, PCN resistant strep. pne, neisseria
Aztreonam (IV/inhaled)
monobactam; cell wall inhibitor (one b-lactam ring)
less allergenic! pseudomonas, acinetobacter, GNR
Doxycycline, Minocycline (oral)
Tetracycline; protein synthesis inhibitor
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), spirochetes (borreila, hp), rickettsiae, brucella, malaria prophylaxis. doxy for MRSA
teeth/bone discoloration/weakening, photosensitivty.
Cefuroxime (IV/oral)
2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)
haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, CAP
Rifampin (oral)
Rifamycins; antimetabolite
prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves
TB first line drug
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (oral)
Sulfonamides; antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis)
1 UTI, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Listeria, Pneumocystis jiroveci
Cefepime (IV, IM)
4th gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
MSSA, Strep Pseudomonas, enteric GNR, febrile neutropenia
Colistin (IV, inhaled)
cell membrane disruptorserious infections with MDR GNnephrotoxicity
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin (oral)
macrolides; protein synthesis inhibitor
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), respiratory pathogens (H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae), hp ,M. avium complex, Toxoplasma
Telithromycin (oral)
macrolides; protein synthesis inhibitor
macrolide resistant S. pneumoniae
Gentamycin IV
Aminoglycosides; protein synthesis inhibitor
serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Amikacin IV, Tobramycin IV
Aminoglycosides; protein synthesis inhibitor
serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Moxifloxacin (IV/oral)
fluoroquinolones; antimetabolite
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella)
also: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis;
anaerobes; with cell wall inhibitor for synergistic empiric therapy of life-threatening infections
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly
Levofloxacin (IV,oral)
fluoroquinolones; antimetabolite
atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella),
also: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis;
Pseudomonas
Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly
Rifabutin (oral)
Rifamycins, antimetabolite
prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves
M. avium complex
Turn body fluids red/orange, CYP450 induction
Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine (oral)
Sulfonamides; antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis)
Toxoplasma
Tigecycline (IV)
Glycylcycline; protein synthesis inhibitor
enterococci, VRE, MRSA
Vomiting, nausea (in 25%)
Cephalexin (oral)
1st gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery
Ceftazidime (IV)
3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
most CNS infections, pseudomonas
Cefotaxime (IV)
3rd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
most CNS infections, PCN resistant strep
Cefoxitin (IV)
2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)
haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,
anaerobes, prophylaxis during abdo surgery
Cefotetan (IV)
2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)
haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,
anaerobes, prophylaxis during abdo surgery
Cefprozil (oral)
2nd gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor (some GN)
haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella,
Ceftaroline (IV)
5th gen cephalosporin; cell wall inhibitor
MRSA, MDR staph and strep
