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Pharmacology > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Fidaxomycin (oral)

A

protein synthesis inhibitor C. diff when risk of recurrence is high

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2
Q

Penicillin G (IV, IM depot) / Penicillin V (oral)

A

cell wall inhibitor treponema, GAS allergy

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3
Q

Macrolides/Ketolides (Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin (oral))

A

protein synthesis inhibitor 1,2 atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), respiratory pathogens (H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae), hp ,M. avium complex, Toxoplasma; 3 macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae

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4
Q

Oxazolidinones (Linezolid IV, oral)

A

protein synthesis inhibitor MRSA, VSE, MDR Strep pneumo, nocardia, complicated SSTI. thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome

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5
Q

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin IV)

A

protein synthesis inhibitor serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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6
Q

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin IV, oral for C.diff)

A

cell wall inhibitor MRSA, MSSA, patients with b-lactam allergy, c.diff infection Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity at high doses

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7
Q

Ureidopenicillin (Piperacillin (IV)

A

cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum) Pseudomonas, GNR, mixed anaerobe/aerobe allergy

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8
Q

Nitrofurantoin (oral)

A

free radical generator lower UTI caused by E. coli and S. saprophyticus

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9
Q

Streptogramins (Quinupristin/dalfosprin) Synercid IV

A

protein synthesis inhibitor MRSA, VRE (E. faecium only)

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10
Q

Carbapenems (Meropenem, Ertapenem (IV))

A

cell wall inhibitor (broad spectrum) nosocomial infections (MSSA, strep, anaerobes, GNR) 1 pseudomonas, acinetobacter *panacea. switch to narrow spectrum drug!

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11
Q

Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin (oral), Ampicillin (IV)

A

cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum) strep, enterococci, GNR (hp, salmonella) chlamydia allergy

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12
Q

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin (IV,oral)

A

antimetabolite, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enteric GNR, also atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), 2,3 H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis; 1,3 Pseudomonas; 2 anaerobes; with cell wall inhibitor for synergistic empiric therapy of life-threatening infections Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly

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13
Q

Metronidazole (IV, oral)

A

free radical generators GP, GN anaerobes, including c.diff, hp, prophylaxis for abdo surgery, some protozoal/parasitic infections symptoms of hangover when taken with alcohol

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14
Q

Daptomycin (IV)

A

cell membrane disruptor MDR GP, staphlycoccal endocarditis don’t use in lungs (pneumo), rhabdomyolosis

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15
Q

Lincosamides (Clindamycin IV, oral)

A

protein synthesis inhibitor abscesses, pentrating wounds, anaerobes, malaria, acne, some MRSA, necrotizing fasciitis C DIFF

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16
Q

1st gen: Cefazolin (IV), Cephalexin (oral)

A

cell wall inhibitor MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery

17
Q

Nafcillin (IV), Oxacillin (IV), Dioxacillin (oral)

A

cell wall inhibitor (B-lactamase resistant) MSSA allergy

18
Q

3rd gen: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime (all IV)

A

cell wall inhibitor most CNS infections, 1,2 PCN resistant strep. pne, 1 neisseria, 3 pseudomonas

19
Q

Monobactams (Aztreonam IV/inhaled)

A

cell wall inhibitor (one b-lactam ring) less allergenic! pseudomonas, acinetobacter, GNR

20
Q

Tetracycline/Glycylcyclines (doxycycline, minocycline (oral), Tigecycline (IV)

A

protein synthesis inhibitor 1,2 atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), spirochetes (borreila, hp), rickettsiae, brucella, malaria prophylaxis, 3 enterococci, VRE, MRSA teeth/bone discoloration/weakening, photosensitivty. tiger- vomiting/nausea

21
Q

2nd gen: Cefuroxime (IV/oral), Cefoxitin (IV), Cefotetan (IV), Cefprozil (oral)

A

cell wall inhibitor (includes some GN) haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, 2,3 anaerobes, 1 CAP 2,3 prophylaxis during abdo surgery

22
Q

Rifamycins (Rifampin, rifabutin (oral)

A

antimetabolite prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves 1 TB, 2 M. avium complex Turn body fluids red/orange, CYP450 induction

23
Q

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin (IV,oral)

A

antimetabolites, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enteric GNR, also mycoplasma, chlamydia (rarely)

24
Q

Sulfonamides (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine (oral)

A

antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis) 1 UTI, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Listeria, Pneumocystis jiroveci. 2 Toxoplasma

25
Q

4/5th gen: Cefepime (IV, IM) Ceftaroline (IV)

A

cell wall inhibitor 1 MSSA, Strep Pseudomonas, enteric GNR, febrile neutropenia 2 MRSA, MDR staph and strep

26
Q

Colistin (IV, inhaled)

A

cell membrane disruptor serious infections with MDR GN nephrotoxicity

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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