Antibiotics Flashcards
Fidaxomycin (oral)
protein synthesis inhibitor C. diff when risk of recurrence is high
Penicillin G (IV, IM depot) / Penicillin V (oral)
cell wall inhibitor treponema, GAS allergy
Macrolides/Ketolides (Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Telithromycin (oral))
protein synthesis inhibitor 1,2 atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), respiratory pathogens (H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumoniae), hp ,M. avium complex, Toxoplasma; 3 macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae
Oxazolidinones (Linezolid IV, oral)
protein synthesis inhibitor MRSA, VSE, MDR Strep pneumo, nocardia, complicated SSTI. thrombocytopenia, serotonin syndrome
Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin IV)
protein synthesis inhibitor serious GN aerobic infections + cell wall for synergism nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Glycopeptides (Vancomycin IV, oral for C.diff)
cell wall inhibitor MRSA, MSSA, patients with b-lactam allergy, c.diff infection Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity at high doses
Ureidopenicillin (Piperacillin (IV)
cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum) Pseudomonas, GNR, mixed anaerobe/aerobe allergy
Nitrofurantoin (oral)
free radical generator lower UTI caused by E. coli and S. saprophyticus
Streptogramins (Quinupristin/dalfosprin) Synercid IV
protein synthesis inhibitor MRSA, VRE (E. faecium only)
Carbapenems (Meropenem, Ertapenem (IV))
cell wall inhibitor (broad spectrum) nosocomial infections (MSSA, strep, anaerobes, GNR) 1 pseudomonas, acinetobacter *panacea. switch to narrow spectrum drug!
Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin (oral), Ampicillin (IV)
cell wall inhibitor (expanded spectrum) strep, enterococci, GNR (hp, salmonella) chlamydia allergy
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin (IV,oral)
antimetabolite, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enteric GNR, also atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), 2,3 H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis; 1,3 Pseudomonas; 2 anaerobes; with cell wall inhibitor for synergistic empiric therapy of life-threatening infections Damage to growing cartilage, tendon rupture and mental confusion in the elderly
Metronidazole (IV, oral)
free radical generators GP, GN anaerobes, including c.diff, hp, prophylaxis for abdo surgery, some protozoal/parasitic infections symptoms of hangover when taken with alcohol
Daptomycin (IV)
cell membrane disruptor MDR GP, staphlycoccal endocarditis don’t use in lungs (pneumo), rhabdomyolosis
Lincosamides (Clindamycin IV, oral)
protein synthesis inhibitor abscesses, pentrating wounds, anaerobes, malaria, acne, some MRSA, necrotizing fasciitis C DIFF
1st gen: Cefazolin (IV), Cephalexin (oral)
cell wall inhibitor MSSA, prophylaxis against Staph infection in surgery
Nafcillin (IV), Oxacillin (IV), Dioxacillin (oral)
cell wall inhibitor (B-lactamase resistant) MSSA allergy
3rd gen: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime (all IV)
cell wall inhibitor most CNS infections, 1,2 PCN resistant strep. pne, 1 neisseria, 3 pseudomonas
Monobactams (Aztreonam IV/inhaled)
cell wall inhibitor (one b-lactam ring) less allergenic! pseudomonas, acinetobacter, GNR
Tetracycline/Glycylcyclines (doxycycline, minocycline (oral), Tigecycline (IV)
protein synthesis inhibitor 1,2 atypicals (mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella), spirochetes (borreila, hp), rickettsiae, brucella, malaria prophylaxis, 3 enterococci, VRE, MRSA teeth/bone discoloration/weakening, photosensitivty. tiger- vomiting/nausea
2nd gen: Cefuroxime (IV/oral), Cefoxitin (IV), Cefotetan (IV), Cefprozil (oral)
cell wall inhibitor (includes some GN) haemophilus, neiserria, klebsiella, 2,3 anaerobes, 1 CAP 2,3 prophylaxis during abdo surgery
Rifamycins (Rifampin, rifabutin (oral)
antimetabolite prophylaxis of meningococcal disease, MRSA involving osteomyelitis or prosthetic heart valves 1 TB, 2 M. avium complex Turn body fluids red/orange, CYP450 induction
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, levofloxacin (IV,oral)
antimetabolites, inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase enteric GNR, also mycoplasma, chlamydia (rarely)
Sulfonamides (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Pyrimethamine/Sulfadiazine (oral)
antimetabolite (stops folate synthesis) 1 UTI, S. aureus, H. influenzae, Listeria, Pneumocystis jiroveci. 2 Toxoplasma
4/5th gen: Cefepime (IV, IM) Ceftaroline (IV)
cell wall inhibitor 1 MSSA, Strep Pseudomonas, enteric GNR, febrile neutropenia 2 MRSA, MDR staph and strep
Colistin (IV, inhaled)
cell membrane disruptor serious infections with MDR GN nephrotoxicity
