Antidotes

Question 1

Deferoxamine

Answer 1

Fe, Al; chelating agent

Question 2

Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA)

Answer 2

Pb, Hg, As, Cadmium; chelator

Question 3

Ethanol

Answer 3

Methanol; competitive substrate for Alcohol DH

Question 4

Dimercaprol (BAL)

Answer 4

Pb (EDTA better), Hg, As, Cu, Zn; chelator- forms mercaptides

Question 5

Vit C, other antioxidants

Answer 5

Nukes; counteract oxidizing effects and ROS damage from radiation

Question 6

Sodium Thiosulfate

Answer 6

Cyanide; rhodanese-catalyzed reaction to neutralize cyanide into thiocyanate

Question 7

N-Acetylcysteine

Answer 7

Acetaminophen, chloroform, CCl4; augments glutathione to detoxify intermediate/scavenger for reactive metabolites

Question 8

Amyl nitrite + Sodium nitrite

Answer 8

Cyanide; oxidizes Hb to met-Hb so cytochrome oxidase can be free

Question 9

Atropine

Answer 9

Organophosphates, carbamates; blocks ACh receptor (muscarinic cholinergic) competitive inhibition

Question 10

Hydroxycobalamin

Answer 10

Cyanide, Leber’s disease; binds cyanide

Question 11

Calcium disodium edetate (EDTA)

Answer 11

Pb (primarily), Cu, U; Chelator

Question 12

Methylene blue

Answer 12

Nitrites/nitrates/aromatic amines/phenols/sulfhydryls; accelerates reduction of met-Hb to Hb via diaphorase II

Question 13

Ammonia

Answer 13

Formaldehyde; neutralizes

Question 14

Oxygen

Answer 14

CO; compete with toxicants

Question 15

Pralidoxime

Answer 15

Organophosphates; regenerates AChE by binding to it and breaking phosphate bond

Question 16

Reduced Glutathione

Answer 16

Weaponized virus; promotes encapsulated form of virus

Question 17

Penicillamine

Answer 17

Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn; chelator- excretion in urine

Question 18

Glutamine

Answer 18

Anthrax spores; produces NH3 and HCO3- to raise pH