Antibiotics Flashcards
1
Q
Bacteriacidal Drugs
A
Very Finely Proficient At Murder Vancomycin Fluoroquinolone Penicillin Aminoglycoside Metronidazole
2
Q
Inhibits Transpeptidation -> Crosslinks the linear peptidoglycan layer
Activates Autolytic Enzyme
A
Penicillins
3
Q
Beta lactamases formation
Structural change in Target PBPs
Changes in Porin Structure
A
Penicillin Resistance
4
Q
Binds to PBP, Inhibits transpeptidation
DOC for Syphillis
Renal tubular absorption inhibited by Probenecid
Increased activity against enterococci if given with aminoglycosides
Can cross BBB of Meninges are inflamed
A
Penicillin
5
Q
Isoxazolyl Penicillin (Anti Staphylococcal)
A
CONDOM Cloxacillin Oxacillin Nafcillin Dicloxacillin Methicillin
6
Q
For Staphylococcal infections
A
CONDOM
7
Q
Interstitial Nephritis
A
Methicilin
8
Q
Neutropenia
Biliary clearance
A
Nafcillin
9
Q
Infections due to enterococci
HELPSE (Haemophilus influenza, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus Mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterococci )
SE: Pseudomembranous colitis
A
Amino Penicillin (Extended Spectrum)
10
Q
DOC Pseudomembranous colitis
A
Metronidazole
11
Q
Antipseudomonal Penicillin
A
Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
12
Q
Synergistic effect with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas
Enhanced effect with beta lactamase inhibitors
Greater activity against gram - infections, due to KEPs
A
Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
13
Q
Cephalosporins with non renal excretion
A
Cefoperazone
Ceftriaxone
14
Q
1st Generation Cephalosporins
A
FADer help me FAZ my PHarma boards! CeFADroxil CeFAZolin CePHalotin CePHapirin CePHradine CePHalxine
15
Q
For Surgical Prophylaxis, Bone infections, Gram +
Complete cross allergenicity (Partial with Penicillins)
Minimal effect on Gram Neg
PEcKs first
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella
A
FADer help me FAZ my PHarma boards! CeFADroxil CeFAZolin CePHalotin CePHapirin CePHradine CePHalxine
16
Q
2nd Gen Cephalosporin
A
FURy FOX FAMilies and Drinking TEa CeFURoxime CeFOXitin CeFAMandole CefoTEtan
FAC LORA's FONe the PROFesional AZOLE CeFAClor LORAcarbef CeFONicid CefPROzil CefmetaAZOLE
17
Q
Added coverage for infections in Haemophilus Enterobacter and Neiserria + PEcKs
Second HEN PEcKs
Cefuroxime - improved activity against Pseudomonas and Haemophilus
Cefotetan and Cefoxitin - good activity against B. fragilis and thus are used for abdominal and pelvic infections
A
2nd Gen Cephalosporins FURy FOX FAMilies and Drinking TEa CeFURoxime CeFOXitin CeFAMandole CefoTEtan
FAC LORA's FONe the PROFesional AZOLE CeFAClor LORAcarbef CeFONicid CefPROzil CefmetaAZOLE
18
Q
Have Renal Excretion except
A
Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone
TRY mo iihi ang PERA
19
Q
Can Penetrate the BBB Except
A
Cefoperazone and Cefixime
BBBulshit can be Fixed by PERA
20
Q
Most active Cephs against PRSA
A
Ceftriaxone and Cefoxime
Fox Tries PRSA (Pizza)
21
Q
DOC Gonorrhea
A
Ceftriaxone and Cefixime
Try to Fix Gonorrhea
22
Q
Third Gen Cephalosporins
Disulfiram Reaction - CefoPERAzone
A
FEnge PO PERA to TRI to FIX TAX ng TIBU na TAZmanian devil na nag tiTIZ CeFEtamet CefPOdoxime CefPERAzone CefTRIaxone CeFIXime CefoTAXime CefTIBUten CefTAZ CefTIZoxime
23
Q
Anti Pseudomonal Cephalosporins
A
FEnge PERA TAZ please
24
Q
4th Gen Cephalosporins
A
CAROLINE’s PIRcIngs are EPIc
25
MRSA Cephalosporin
Ceftaroline
| Caroline and MRSA
26
Carbapenems
PENEMS
27
For Serious infections such as Pneumonia and Sepsis
Carbapenems
28
Beta Lactams with CNS toxicity (Confusion, Encephalopathy and Seizures)
Carbapenems
29
Inhibits Renal Metabolism of Imipenem
Cilastin (Carbapenem - Cilastin)
30
Carbapenem non active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter
Ertapenem (Maarte siya)
31
Monobactam
Aztreonam
32
Resistant to Beta Lactamase
SE: Vertigo
No cross allergenicity with Penicillins
No activity against gram positive or anaerobes
Monobactam - Aztreonam
Vietnam resistance has no air no positives
33
Beta Lactamase Inhibitors
Most active: Plasmid BLac > Chromosomal BLac
Clavulanic
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
34
SE: Cholestatic Jaundice
Beta lactamase inhibitors
35
Class: Glycopeptide
Binds to D-Ala- D- Ala
Inhibits TRANGLYCOLSILATION
Prevent ELONGATION
for MRSA and Pseudomembranous Colitis
SE: RED Man Syndrome
Vancomycin
Dybala tiec the Van to Tel Aviv
36
Tx for Red Man Syndrom
Slowing infusion flow
37
VRSA and VRE
Due to D-Ala-D-Ala Lactate formation
38
Drugs of LAst Resort
```
I AM your Last Shot At Victory
Imipinem
Amikacin
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Vancomycin
```
39
Peptide Antibiotic
Bacitracin
40
Interferes with late stage cell wall synthesis in gram + organisms
Only for Gram +
SE: Nephrotoxicity (Topical Use)
Reserved for Topical Use only due to Nephrotoxicity
Bacitracin
| Late siya kaya nasa Bac siya
41
Blocks incorporation of D-Ala into PENTAapeptide side chain
For Drug resistant Tuberculosis (2nd Line)
SE: Neurotoxicity
Cycloserine
42
DEPolarization causing rapid cell death
Gram +, Sepsis and Endocarditis
SE: Myopathy
Inactivated by Pulmonary Surfactants
NOT Bactericidal
Daptomycin
| DAPolarization
43
Inactivates UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine-3-enoplyruvatetransferase
Fosfomycin
44
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Antibiotics
AT CELLS
```
Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
Linezolid
Streptogramins
```
45
Broad Spectrum Protein Synthesis Inhibitor
Chloramphenicol
46
Inhibits Transpeptidation at 50s -> Bacteriostatic
For Meningitis
SE: Gray Baby Syndrome, Aplastic Anemia
Resistance due to formation of acetyltransferase that inactivates the drug
Chloramphenicol
47
Binds to 30s subunit
| M. pneumonia, chlamydia, ricketsiae, Vibrio
Tetracycline (TETry Subunit) - Cyclines
| My clam has vibrated with rick
48
Tetracycline for SIADH
Demeclocycline (Deme may sayad)
49
Tetracycline with Vestibulotoxicity
Minocycline
50
Tx for Bronchitis
Doxycycline
51
Tetracycline with broadest spectrum and Longest T1/2
| Only Tetracycline unaffected by resistance
Tigecycline - Tiger is broadest and longest cat, Tigasin
52
Tetracycline that is excreted in the bile
Doxycycline
53
Blocks aTTachment to T- RNA acceptor site
Tetracycline
54
Binds to 50s
Streptogramin
Erythromycin
Cyclophosphamide
50 pesos for Marco's Pristine Clean Cyclops
55
Binds to 50s
Pertussis, Diptheria, Chlamydia - PeDiCure
SE: Cholestatic hepatitis, QT Prolongation, Rare Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Macrolides - Erythromycin
Pedicure kay Erin
56
Macrolide that does not inhibit CYP450
Azithromycin
57
Used for Macrolide resistance
Telithromycin
58
Binds to 50s subunit
For Endocarditis prophylaxis, PCP Pneumonia, Toxoplasmosis
SE: Pseudomembranous colitis
Resistance due to methylation binding sites
Lincosamide - Clindamycin
Clean Lincon
59
Anaerobic Infection
Above diaphragm - Clindamycin
| Below Diaphragm - Metronidazole
60
Only one that Binds to 50s that is BACTERIACIDAL
For MRSA, VRSA, VRE
SE: Arthralgia, Myalgia Syndrome
Streptogramin - Quinupristin - Dalfopristin
61
Binds to 23S of 50 subunit
For MRSA,VRSA, VRE
SE: Optic Neuritis
Resistance due to decrease affinity of Drug to Binding site
Oxazolidinone - Linezolid
23 oxs line at ted
62
Concentration Dependent Killing Action
Post antibiotic effect
Not absorbed orally
Requires O2 for Transport
Aminoglycosides
63
Aminoglycosides synergistic with
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
64
Aminiglycoside Mnemonics
GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes
```
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Teratogen
```
65
Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
For aerobic gram negative bac
Ocular infections - Tobramycin
Gentamycin/ Tobramycin
66
Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic Amingoglycosides
Gentamycin and Tobramycin
| GenTo most toxic
67
Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
For Multi Drug Resistant TB (2nd line drug)
Least resistance but narrowest therapeutic window
Amikacin
68
Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
| For Tularemia, Bubonic Plaque, Brucellosis
Streptomycin
69
DOC of Beaubonic plague
Streptomycin
70
Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
Bowel Preparation for elective surgery, Hepatic Encephaolopathy
Kanamycin most ototoxic
Paromomycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin
| PAKANE
71
For Visceral leishmaniasis
Paromomycin
72
Limited to topical and oral use only
Neomycin
73
Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
| For Drug resistant Gonorrhea
Spectinomycin
74
Most ototoxic aminoglycosides
Amikacin and Kanamycin KA - TengKA
75
Most vestibulotoxic
Tobramycin Gentomycin
76
Skin reactions
Neomycin and Strptomycin
77
Inhibits translocation process during protein synthesis, from Fusidium coccineum
Fusidic Acid
78
Bacteriostatic inhibitors of folic acid synthesis
Sulfonamides
79
Selective inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase
Trimethoprim
80
Sulfonamide
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, bacteriostatic
For Burn Infections
SE: SJS/TEN, G6PD hemolysis, Kernicterus
Silver Sulfadiazide/ Mafenide Acetate
81
Sulfonamide
Sequential blockade of dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase , bactericidal
For HAM (Haemophilus, Aeromonas, Moraxella), P. jiroveci
SE: SJS/TEN, G6PD hemolysis, Kernicterus
TMP - SMX
82
DOC for Toxoplasmosis
| 2nd agent for Malaria
Sulfadiazine- Pyrimethamine
83
Coadministered with Leucovorin to limit bone marrow toxicity
Pyrimethamine
84
Increased level of unconjugated bilirubin at subcortical nuclei and basal ganglia
Kernicterus
85
Inhibits Topoisomerase II in gram neg
Inhibits Topoisomerase IV in gram pos
May cause damage of growing cartilage
Quinolones
86
M/C Cause of Quinolone Resistance
decrease IC accumulation of drug via efflux pumps
87
2nd Gen Quinolone
Ciprofloxacin
88
3rd Gen Quinolone
Levofloxacin/ Moxifloxacin (Vigamox)
89
4th Gen Quinolone
Trovafloxacin
90
Ciprofloxacin AE
Tendonitis
91
For Atypical Pneumonia/ Lung Infections
Levofloxacin
92
Levofloxacin AE
QT prolongation, Tendinitis
93
Trovafloxacin AE
Hepatotoxicity
94
Broad Spectrum Quinolones, enhanced activity against anaerobes
4th Gen Quinolones
95
Quinolone Most active agent against Gram neg organisms esp Pseudomonas
Ciprofloxacin
96
Quinolone that cannot be used in UTI
Moxifloxacin
97
Quinolone C. trachomatis
Ofloxacin
98
Quinolone that causes hyperglycemia
Gatifloxacin
99
Ferredoxin forming
Disrupt electron transport chain
Antiprotozoal, Vaginitis, Brain Abscess, ANAEROBIC
Metronidazole (DAZOLES)
100
DOC for Amoebiasis, Giardiasis and Pseudomembranous colitis
Metronidazole
101
Multiple reactive intermediates when acted by nitrofuran reductase
For Uncomplicated UTI (except Proteus and Pseudomonas - resistant)
SE: Pulmonary Infiltrates, Phototoxicity
Contraindicated in renal insufficiency
Nitrofurantoin - Nitrofuran
102
Topical antiinfective, Pseudmonic acid
Inhibits Staphylococcal isoleucyl tRNA synthase
For MRSA, Impetigo
SE: Burning stinging skin sensation, Epistaxis
Only used topically
Single OD dose can prevent recurrent UT
Mupirocin
103
Cationic Detergents
Disrupt bacterial cell membrane, bind and inactivate endotoxin
For salvage therapy of Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas
Proteus and Neisseria - resistant
For topical use only
Polymyxin B
104
Macrocyclic, Narrow Spectrum
Binds to Sigma subunit of RNA polymerase
For gram + only, C. difficile in adults
Orphan Drug Status in C. difficile in children
Fidaxomicin
