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Farma ⭐️ > Antagonistas nicotínicos > Flashcards

Antagonistas nicotínicos Flashcards

Succinilcolina, rocuronio, vecuronio, pancuronio, atracurio, cisatracurio, mivacurio

1
Q

Tipos de bloqueadores neuromusculares

A

Despolarizantes y no despolarizantes

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2
Q

Tipos de receptores donde actúan bloqueadores neuromusculares

A

Nicotínicos

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3
Q

La succinilcolina es un bloqueador neuromuscular de tipo

A

Despolarizante

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4
Q

Fase de bloqueo por succinilcolina con fasciculaciones musculares transitorias

A

Fase I

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5
Q

Efecto de inhibidor de acetilcolinesterasa (neostigmina) en Fase I

A

Potencia bloqueo

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6
Q

Efecto de inhibidor de acetilcolinesterasa (neostigmina) en Fase II

A

Reversión parcial del bloqueo

Desplazamiento

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7
Q

Fase del bloqueo por succinilcolina con receptor nicotínico no funcional

A

Fase II

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8
Q

Usos clínicos de succinilcolina

A

Intubación de secuencia rápida (<1 min), relajación muscular en cirugía corta

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9
Q

Efectos adversos de succinilcolina

A

Hiperpotasemia, hipertermia maligna, bradicardia, fasciculaciones y dolor muscular postoperatorio

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10
Q

Evitar succinilcolina en politraumatizados porque

A

Riesgo de hiperpotasemia en intubación de urgencia

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11
Q

Alternativa a succinilcolina en riesgo de hiperpotasemia o hipertermia maligna

A

Rocuronio o vecuronio

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12
Q

Causa de hipertermia maligna

A

Mutaciones en receptor de rianodina (RYR) o dihidropiridina (DHPR)

↑Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum → sustained muscle contraction → hypercapnia, tachycardia, masseter/generalized muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia

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13
Q

Desencadenantes de hipertermia maligna

A

Anestésicos inhalados potentes (sevoflurano, desflurano, isoflurano) o succinilcolina

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14
Q

Familias de antagonistas competitivos del receptor nicotínico Nm

A

Aminoesteroides y benzoquinolinas

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15
Q

Ejemplo de aminoesteroides

A

Rocuronio, vecuronio y pancuronio

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16
Q

Ejemplo de benzoquinolinas

A

Atracurio, cisatracurio y mivacurio

17
Q

Reversión del bloqueo de receptores Nm

A

Sugammadex o inhibidores de la colinesterasa

S → rocuronio y vecuronio / IC → neostigmina y edrofonio

18
Q

Fármacos administrados junto con inhibidores de colinesterasa para prevenir efectos muscarínicos

Ejemplos

A

Anticolinérgicos

Atropina, glicopirrolato

19
Q

Alternativa a succinilcolina en alto riesgo de hiperpotasemia o hipertermia maligna

A

Antagonistas competitivos del receptor nicotínico Nm

20
Q

Paciente con fiebre, rigidez muscular y acidosis tras anestesia, sospecha de hipertermia maligna, tratamiento

A

Dantroleno

21
Q

Bloqueador neuromuscular seguro en enfermedad hepática/renal

A

Cisatracurio

Metabolismo independiente de órganos

Farma ⭐️ (25 decks)

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