ALARA (2) Flashcards
Define ALARA
As Low As Reasonably Possible
What are the three principle elements of ALARA?
- justification
- limitation
- optimization
What is Justification?
No justification for the use of ionizing radiation unless it can lead to a positive outcome
What is Limitation?
Maximum allowable exposure to any person must not promote an excessive risk to that person.
annual doses must be limited and regulated
What is Optimization?
Financial impact of protection measures must be weighed against the benefits obtained.
What is the ICRP?
International Commission of Radiological Protection,
contains the International System of Radiological Protection
based on current understanding of science and value judgements
What is the ICRP concerned with? (list 3)
- Radiological protection from natural and artificial sources, such as those used in medicine
- Protecting the environment
- Maintaining knowledge and expertise in radiological protection
Three fundamental principles for the ICRP
- Justification (use of radioisotopes must lead to a positive outcome)
- Optimization (exposure should be kept ALARA)
- Dose Limitation (doses kept ALARA to not permit any greater risk than working in any other occupation would)
What is the IAEA?
International Atomic Energy Agency, promotes peaceful use of nuclear energy, inhibit use for military. Established as self-governing organization in July 1957
What is the ICRU?
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 1925
develops concepts, definitions and recommendations for the use of quantities and units of radiation based on their d=level of interaction with matter, in respect to biological effects.
What is the NAS?
National Academy of Sciences 1956
BEIR reports (biological effect of ionizing radiation) and probability of connected health effects for a given dose. Provide a measurable basis for limiting entire population’s exposure.
What is UNSCEAR?
United Nations Committee
Reports on sources of radiation exposure worldwide and estimates radiation risk.
