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Jessy UCO :) > Administration and Planning > Flashcards

Administration and Planning Flashcards

1
Q

What is management (doing function)?

A

Process of WORKING WITH and THROUGH OTHER to effectively achieve the goals of the organization.
- Top level: owner, CEO
- Middle level: Manager, coordinator
- Lower level: employees

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2
Q

What is administration (thinking and planning function)?

A

Process of ORGANIZING PEOPLE and RESOURCES EFFICIENTLY so as to direct activities toward common goals and objectives.

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3
Q

What are the 4 functions of management?

A

1. Planning: involves defining a goal and determining the most effective course of action needed.
2. Organizing: involves designing tasks and determining how activities and resources are to be assembled and coordinated.
3. Leading: influencing or promoting the member of the organization to work together with the interest of the organization.
4. Controlling: ensures that all other functions of the organization are in place and are operating successfully.

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4
Q

Factors that affect management

A
  • Inefficiency
  • Poor communication
  • Labor Unrest
  • Leadership challenges
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5
Q

What are the approaches of management and their theories?

A

1. Classical: emphasis on ways to MANAGE WORK MORE EFFICIENTLY.
- Scientific theory
- Administrative theory
- Bureaucratic theory
2. Behavior: emphasis on importance of UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR.
- Maslow’s theory of needs
- Hawthorne theory
- Theory X and theory Y
3. Modern: emphasis on flexibility, adaptability, and a more holistic UNDERSTANDING OF ORGANIZATIONS.
- System theory
- Contigency theory
- Theory Z

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6
Q

What is the scientific theory?

A
  • Developed by Frederick Taylor.
  • MONITOR worker performance.
  • Determine the MOST EFFECTIVE WAY.
  • Match workers to their JOBS BASED ON CAPABILITY.
  • Testing until determine the optimal AMOUNT OF WORK.
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7
Q

What is the administrative theory?

A
  • Developed by Henry Fayol.
  • Attempts to find a rational way to design an ORGANIZATION AS A WHOLE.
  • People work better as a group.
  • 14 principles.
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8
Q

What is the Bureaucratic theory?

A
  • It was proposed by Max Weber
  • Organization is run by HIERARCHY and RULES.
  • System based on STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES, such as school, government or security.
  • A clear CHAIN OF COMMANDS.
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9
Q

What is the Maslow’s theory?

A
  • Developed by Abraham Maslow.
  • Understand and LOOK AFTERTHE NEEDS AND WELLBEING of team members.
  • PYRAMID OF NEEDS sorted into a hierarchy (Physiological – Self actualization).
  • As lower level needs are met, employee focus on the higher motivational levels.
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10
Q

What is the Hawthorne studies of management theory?

A
  • Developed by Elton Mayo.
  • Studies conducted at the Western Electric Company.
  • IMPACT OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS of work on employee productivity.
  • Workers were MORE RESPONSIVE TO SOCIAL FACTORS. (teamwork or interest of their manager)
    There was a temporary improvement in employee productivity resulting from being observed.
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11
Q

What are the main ideas of the Hawthorne studies?

A
  • Employees productivity increases when they are being observed.
  • If employees feel their work is noticed they will keep their good job.
  • Well-integrated groups = better productivity
  • Workers feel better when they are working in a place they feel comfortable.
  • Communication and motivation to collaborate.
  • The work environment influences the skills an employee has.
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12
Q

What is Theory X and Y?

A
  • Developed by Douglas Mc Gregor.
    -Theory X (Authoritarian style): the manager gives instructions and keep a close check on each employee.
    -Theory Y (Participative style): employees are self-directed and self-motivated to accomplish the organizational objectives.
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13
Q

What is the Theory Z?

A
  • Developed by William Ouchi
  • Humanistic’ philosophy, teamwork and consensus decisions.
  • WORKERS PARTICIPATE in decision-making process to problem-solving.
  • Increase EMPLOYEE LOYALTY by providing a job for life and focusing on the employee’s well-being
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14
Q

What is the System management theory?

A
  • The organization is considered as one single structure divided in departments and of one division fails, everything will fail and affects the whole company system.
  • Success depends on several key elements: synergy, interdependence, and interrelations between various subsystems.
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15
Q

What is the Contingency theory?

A
  • It was developed by Fred Fiedler,
  • There is NO ONE SPECIFIC WAY RO MANAGE an organization.
  • The leader should be quick to identify the specific management style suitable for a particular situation.
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16
Q

Main differences between management and leadership

A

Management
- Primarily focuses on the 4 functions.
- Is often task-oriented.
- Motivates through rewards and penalties.
Leadership
- Focuses on inspiring, motivating and guiding.
- Is typically people-oriented.
- Motivates through inspiration and vision.

17
Q

What are the 9 types of management?

A
  1. Autocratic:
    • What it is: The boss decides everything without asking others.
    • Good Things: Decisions are made quickly, and everyone knows what to do.
    • Not So Good Things: People might not like it because they don’t get to share their ideas.
    • Best Time to Use: When there’s an emergency or when the team doesn’t know what to do and needs strong guidance.
  2. Democratic:
    • What it is: The boss asks everyone for their ideas before making a decision.
    • Good Things: People feel happier and more creative because they get to share their thoughts.
    • Not So Good Things: It can take longer to make a decision, and sometimes people disagree.
    • Best Time to Use: When teamwork is important, and everyone has good ideas to share.
  3. Laissez-Faire:
    • What it is: The boss lets everyone do their own thing without much direction.
    • Good Things: People feel independent and can be very creative.
    • Not So Good Things: It can be confusing if people don’t know what they’re supposed to do.
    • Best Time to Use: When the team is really good at their jobs and doesn’t need much help.
  4. Transformational:
    • What it is: The boss encourages everyone to be their best and helps them achieve big changes.
    • Good Things: People feel inspired, motivated, and excited to work.
    • Not So Good Things: It can be hard if people aren’t ready for big changes.
    • Best Time to Use: When big changes are needed, and the team needs to be united around a common goal.
  5. Transactional:
    • What it is: The boss gives rewards for good work and penalties for mistakes.
    • Good Things: Everyone knows what’s expected, and things get done.
    • Not So Good Things: People might not be as creative, and they may only work for rewards.
    • Best Time to Use: When tasks are simple, and you need to make sure the work is done correctly.
  6. Servant:
    • What it is: The boss helps the team by putting their needs first and supporting them.
    • Good Things: People feel cared for and happy at work.
    • Not So Good Things: It can be hard for the boss to make tough decisions or be taken seriously.
    • Best Time to Use: When the focus is on helping the team grow and creating a positive environment.
  7. Bureaucratic:
    • What it is: The boss follows strict rules and procedures.
    • Good Things: Everything is done safely and correctly.
    • Not So Good Things: It can be boring and slow, and people might not be as creative.
    • Best Time to Use: In jobs where following rules is very important, like in government or big companies.
  8. Charismatic:
    • What it is: The boss uses their charm to inspire and lead the team.
    • Good Things: People feel excited and loyal to the boss.
    • Not So Good Things: The team might rely too much on the boss and not work well without them.
    • Best Time to Use: When the team needs to feel energized, especially during tough times.
  9. Visionary:
    • What it is: The boss shares a big future goal and motivates the team to work toward it.
    • Good Things: Everyone knows the direction they’re headed, and it sparks new ideas.
    • Not So Good Things: The boss might forget about the small, everyday tasks.
    • Best Time to Use: When setting a new path or uniting the team around a long-term goal.
18
Q

What is decision making process?

A

The manager plays a crucial role in serving his/her decision, as the growth and failure of an organization are dependent on timely decisions taken.

19
Q

Types of decision

A
  • PROGRAMMED DECISIONS: routine and repetitive in nature. These decisions deal with common and frequently occurring problems in an organization.
  • NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS: are not routine or common in nature. These are related to exceptional situations in
    which guidelines or routine management is not set.
20
Q

Steps of the decision making process

A

Jessy UCO :) (16 decks)

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