Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - Spleen > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the splenic vein in respect to the splenic artery?

A

Posterior and inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

Serves as an antigen presenting center for macrophages; largest producer of IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are Howel-Jolly bodies?

A

Nuclear remnants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are Heinz bodies?

A

Hemoglobin deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are pappenheimer bodies?

A

Iron deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the red and white pulp?

A

Red pulp 85% - acts as a filter for aged or damaged RBCs

White pulp 15% - immunologic function; contains lymphocytes and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the major site of bacterial clearance that lacks preexisting antibiotics?

A

White pulp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is an accessory spleen most commonly found?

A

Splenic hilum 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some indications for splenectomy?

A

ITP > TTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What antibodies are present in ITP?

A

Antiplatelet antibodies (IgG) - bind platelets, causes decrease PLTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment for ITP?

A

Steroids (primary therapy), plasmapheresis, gammaglobulin for steroid-resistant disease
Splenectomy indicated for those who fail steroids –> removes IgG production and source of phagocytosis; 80% respond after splenectomy
Give platelets 1 hour before surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the etiology of TTP?

A

Loss of platelet inhibition - leads to thrombosis and infarction, profound thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the symptoms of TTP and how it is treated?

A

Sx - Purpura, fever, mental status changes, renal dysfunction, hematuria, hemolytic anemia
Tx - 80% respond to medical therapy, plasmapheresis (primary), steroids, ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the MC bacteria involved in postsplenectomy sepsis syndrome?

A

S. pneumoniae (#1), H. influenzae, N. meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What age is needed before a splenectomy to decrease the risk of postsplenectomy sepsis syndrome?

A

At least 5 years old –> allows antibody formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long after splenectomy the postsplenectomy sepsis mostly occurs?

A

Within 2 years of splenectomy

17
Q

What are the vaccines needed before splenectomy?

A

Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, H. Influenza

18
Q

What are the usual postsplenectomy changes?

A

Increase RBCs, increase WBCs, increase PLTs,; if PLT > 1x10^6, need ASA

19
Q

What is the #1 benign splenic tumor?

A

Hemangioma

20
Q

What is the #1 malignant splenic tumor?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

21
Q

When is surgery indicated for splenic cysts?

A

Surgery if symptomatic or > 10cm

22
Q

What labs alterations are seen in hypersplenism?

A

Decrease PLTs, RBCs, and WBCs; splenomegaly occurs as well

23
Q

When is a splenectomy indicated in hypersplenism?

A

Symptomatic hypersplenism associated with CLL, CML, NHL, Hodgkin’s, hairy cell leukemia, hemolytic anemias, sarcoidosis

24
Q

What is Felty’s syndrome?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly

25
Q

What is the MC congenital hemolytic anemia requiring splenectomy? What is the cause? What is the treatment?

A

Spherocytosis
Spectrin deficit (membrane protein) deforms RBCs and leads to splenic sequestration
Tx - splenectomy and cholecystectomy

26
Q

Where is the defect in Elliptocytosis?

A

Spectrin and protein 4.1 deficit (membrane protein)

27
Q

What precipitates G6PD deficiency?

A

Infection, certain drugs, fava beans

28
Q

What is the MC thalassemia?

A

Beta-thalassemia

29
Q

What is the difference in major and minor beta-thalassemia?

A

Major - both chains affected

Minor - 1 chain, asymptomatic

30
Q

What is the staging system for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

A - asymptomatic
B - symptomatic (night sweats, fever, weight loss) –> unfavorable prognosis
Stage I - 1 area or 2 contiguos areas on the same side of diaphragm
Stage II - 2 noncontiguos areas on the same side of diaphragm
Stage III - involved on each side of diaphragm
Stage IV - liver, bone, lung, or any other nonlymphoid tissue except spleen

31
Q

What are the classic cells of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

32
Q

What is the MC type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Nodular sclerosing

33
Q

What is the MCC of chylous ascites?

A

Lymphoma

34
Q

How is the prognosis of Non-Hodgkin compared to Hogkin’s lymphoma?

A

Worse prognosis

35
Q

What are causes of spontaneous splenic rupture?

A

Mononucleosis, malaria, sepsis, sarcoid, leukemia, polycythemia vera

36
Q

What is the cause of splenic artery aneurysm?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia or atherosclerosis in females

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions