ABSITE Review - Head and Neck

Question 1

Which structures form the anterior neck triangle?

Answer 1

SCM, sternal notch, inferior border of digastric muscle; contains the carotid sheath

Question 2

Which structures form the posterior neck triangle?

Answer 2

post border of SCM, trapezius muscle, and clavicle; contains the spinal accessory nerve and brachial plexus

Question 3

Where is the phrenic nerve in respect to the scalene muscles?

Answer 3

In top of the anterior scalene muscle

Question 4

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 4

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical branches

Question 5

What is innervated by hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 5

Motor to all of tongue except palatoglossus; tongue deviates to side of injury.

Question 6

What is innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 6

Innervates all of larynx except cricothyroid muscle

Question 7

What is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 7

Motor to the cricothyroid muscle

Question 8

What is Frey’s syndrome?

Answer 8

Occurs after a parathyroidectomy; injury of auriculotemporal nerve that then cross-innervates with sympathetic fibers to sweat glands of skin
Symptoms - gustatory sweating

Question 9

What is the 1st branch of the external carotid artery?

Answer 9

Superior thyroid artery

Question 10

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Answer 10

STAT - Suprascapular artery, Transverse cervical artery, Ascending cervical artery, Inferior thyroid artery

Question 11

What is a radical neck dissection?

Answer 11

Takes accesory nerve, SCM, IJ, omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid

Question 12

What is a modified radical neck dissection?

Answer 12

Takes omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid

Question 13

Whaat is the MC cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx?

Answer 13

Squamous cell cancer

Question 14

What is more premalignant erythroplakia or leukoplakia?

Answer 14

Erythroplakia

Question 15

What is the MC site of oral cavity cancer?

Answer 15

Lower lip

Question 16

What is the recommended treatment for oral cavity cancers?

Answer 16

need WLE of tumor with 1-2cm margins

>2cm or if clinically + nodes –> MRND

Question 17

When is potop XRT required in oral cavity cancers?

Answer 17

> 2cm, positive margins, nerve/vascular/lymphatic invasion

Question 18

What is the #1 tumor of the nasopharynx in children?

Answer 18

Lymphoma

Question 19

What is the MC benign neoplasm of the nose/paranasal sinuses?

Answer 19

Papilloma

Question 20

A mass in a LARGE salivary gland is most likely…

Answer 20

BENIGN

Question 21

A mass in a SMALL salivary gland is most likely…

Answer 21

MALIGNANT

Question 22

What is the #1 MALIGNANT tumor of the salivary glands?

Answer 22

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 23

What is the #2 MALIGNANT tumor of the salivary glands?

Answer 23

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 24

What is the #1 MALIGNANT tumor of the MINOR salivary glands?

Answer 24

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

Question 25

When should the facial nerve be sacrificed?

Answer 25

Only for direct tumor invasion or for preexisting facial paralyses.

Question 26

What is the #1 BENIGN tumor of the salivary glands?

Answer 26

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 27

What is the #2 BENIGN tumor of the salivary glands?

Answer 27

Warthin's tumor, bilateral in 10%

Question 28

What is the MC injured nerve with parotid surgery?

Answer 28

Greater auricular Nerve - numbness over the lower portion of auricle

Question 29

During a submandibular gland resection, which 3 structures are important to find?

Answer 29

Madibular branch of facial nerve Lingual nerve Hypoglossal nerve

Question 30

What is the MC salivary gland tumor in children?

Answer 30

Hemangioma

Question 31

What is the MC site for epistaxis? What is the treatment?

Answer 31

90% anterior and can controlled with packing | Consider internal maxillary artery or ethmoid artery ligation for persistent posterior bleeding

Question 32

What is an ameloblastoma?

Answer 32

Slow-growing malignancy of the neck and jaw; soap bubble appereance on x-ray.

Question 33

What is the nerve damage if lip numbness is present?

Answer 33

Inferior alveolar nerve

Question 34

Which type of oral abscess is an airway emergency?

Answer 34

Retropharyngeal abscess | Tx - intubate the patient; drain through posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 35

What is Ludwig's angina?

Answer 35

Acute infection of the floor of the mouth, involves mylohyoid muscle

Question 36

What is the 80% rule of parotid tumors?

Answer 36

80% of all salivary tumors are in parotid 80% of parotid tumors are benign 80% of benign parotid tumors are pleomorphic adenomas

Question 37

What are the benefits of a tracheostomy?

Answer 37

Decreases secretions, provides easier ventilation, decreases pneumonia risk

Question 38

How can you prevent a tracheo-innominate fistula?

Answer 38

By keeping the tracheostomy above the 3rd tracheal ring

Question 39

When do you repair a cleft lip?

Answer 39

Repair at 10 weeks, 10lbs, Hgb 10. May be associated with poor feeding

Question 40

When do you repair a cleft palate?

Answer 40

May affect speech and swallowing if not closed soon enough; may affect maxillofacial growth if closed to early --> repair at 12 months

Question 41

What is the MC neoplasm in patients with AIDS?

Answer 41

Kaposi Sarcoma