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ABSITE Review > ABSITE Review - Head and Neck > Flashcards

ABSITE Review - Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which structures form the anterior neck triangle?

A

SCM, sternal notch, inferior border of digastric muscle; contains the carotid sheath

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2
Q

Which structures form the posterior neck triangle?

A

post border of SCM, trapezius muscle, and clavicle; contains the spinal accessory nerve and brachial plexus

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3
Q

Where is the phrenic nerve in respect to the scalene muscles?

A

In top of the anterior scalene muscle

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4
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve?

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical branches

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5
Q

What is innervated by hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor to all of tongue except palatoglossus; tongue deviates to side of injury.

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6
Q

What is innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Innervates all of larynx except cricothyroid muscle

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7
Q

What is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Motor to the cricothyroid muscle

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8
Q

What is Frey’s syndrome?

A

Occurs after a parathyroidectomy; injury of auriculotemporal nerve that then cross-innervates with sympathetic fibers to sweat glands of skin
Symptoms - gustatory sweating

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9
Q

What is the 1st branch of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery

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10
Q

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

A

STAT - Suprascapular artery, Transverse cervical artery, Ascending cervical artery, Inferior thyroid artery

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11
Q

What is a radical neck dissection?

A

Takes accesory nerve, SCM, IJ, omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid

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12
Q

What is a modified radical neck dissection?

A

Takes omohyoid, submandibular gland, sensory nerves C2-C5, cervical branch of facial nerve, and ipsilateral thyroid

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13
Q

Whaat is the MC cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx?

A

Squamous cell cancer

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14
Q

What is more premalignant erythroplakia or leukoplakia?

A

Erythroplakia

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15
Q

What is the MC site of oral cavity cancer?

A

Lower lip

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16
Q

What is the recommended treatment for oral cavity cancers?

A

need WLE of tumor with 1-2cm margins

>2cm or if clinically + nodes –> MRND

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17
Q

When is potop XRT required in oral cavity cancers?

A

> 2cm, positive margins, nerve/vascular/lymphatic invasion

18
Q

What is the #1 tumor of the nasopharynx in children?

A

Lymphoma

19
Q

What is the MC benign neoplasm of the nose/paranasal sinuses?

A

Papilloma

20
Q

A mass in a LARGE salivary gland is most likely…

A

BENIGN

21
Q

A mass in a SMALL salivary gland is most likely…

A

MALIGNANT

22
Q

What is the #1 MALIGNANT tumor of the salivary glands?

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

23
Q

What is the #2 MALIGNANT tumor of the salivary glands?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

24
Q

What is the #1 MALIGNANT tumor of the MINOR salivary glands?

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

25
Q

When should the facial nerve be sacrificed?

A

Only for direct tumor invasion or for preexisting facial paralyses.

26
Q

What is the #1 BENIGN tumor of the salivary glands?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

27
Q

What is the #2 BENIGN tumor of the salivary glands?

A

Warthin’s tumor, bilateral in 10%

28
Q

What is the MC injured nerve with parotid surgery?

A

Greater auricular Nerve - numbness over the lower portion of auricle

29
Q

During a submandibular gland resection, which 3 structures are important to find?

A

Madibular branch of facial nerve
Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal nerve

30
Q

What is the MC salivary gland tumor in children?

A

Hemangioma

31
Q

What is the MC site for epistaxis? What is the treatment?

A

90% anterior and can controlled with packing

Consider internal maxillary artery or ethmoid artery ligation for persistent posterior bleeding

32
Q

What is an ameloblastoma?

A

Slow-growing malignancy of the neck and jaw; soap bubble appereance on x-ray.

33
Q

What is the nerve damage if lip numbness is present?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

34
Q

Which type of oral abscess is an airway emergency?

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

Tx - intubate the patient; drain through posterior pharyngeal wall

35
Q

What is Ludwig’s angina?

A

Acute infection of the floor of the mouth, involves mylohyoid muscle

36
Q

What is the 80% rule of parotid tumors?

A

80% of all salivary tumors are in parotid
80% of parotid tumors are benign
80% of benign parotid tumors are pleomorphic adenomas

37
Q

What are the benefits of a tracheostomy?

A

Decreases secretions, provides easier ventilation, decreases pneumonia risk

38
Q

How can you prevent a tracheo-innominate fistula?

A

By keeping the tracheostomy above the 3rd tracheal ring

39
Q

When do you repair a cleft lip?

A

Repair at 10 weeks, 10lbs, Hgb 10. May be associated with poor feeding

40
Q

When do you repair a cleft palate?

A

May affect speech and swallowing if not closed soon enough; may affect maxillofacial growth if closed to early –> repair at 12 months

41
Q

What is the MC neoplasm in patients with AIDS?

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

ABSITE Review (32 decks)

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